Textbook Question
Chlorine reacts with molten sulfur to yield disulfur dichloride, a yellowish-red liquid. Propose a structure for disulfur dichloride.
Ch.22 - The Main Group Elements
Chapter 22, Problem 156
Iodine forms the acid anhydride I2O5. Write a balanced equation for the reaction of this anhydride with water, and name the acid that is formed.
Verified step by step guidance1
Identify the acid anhydride: Iodine forms the acid anhydride \( \text{I}_2\text{O}_5 \). An acid anhydride is a non-metal oxide that reacts with water to form an acid.
Determine the type of acid formed: When \( \text{I}_2\text{O}_5 \) reacts with water, it forms an oxyacid. The general reaction for an acid anhydride with water is \( \text{X}_2\text{O}_n + \text{H}_2\text{O} \rightarrow 2\text{HXO}_m \).
Write the unbalanced chemical equation: Combine \( \text{I}_2\text{O}_5 \) with water (\( \text{H}_2\text{O} \)) to form the acid \( \text{HIO}_3 \). The unbalanced equation is: \( \text{I}_2\text{O}_5 + \text{H}_2\text{O} \rightarrow \text{HIO}_3 \).
Balance the chemical equation: Ensure that the number of atoms of each element is the same on both sides of the equation. The balanced equation is: \( \text{I}_2\text{O}_5 + \text{H}_2\text{O} \rightarrow 2\text{HIO}_3 \).
Name the acid formed: The acid formed in this reaction is iodic acid, \( \text{HIO}_3 \).
Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Acid Anhydrides
Acid anhydrides are compounds that can react with water to form acids. They are typically derived from the removal of water from an acid. In this case, iodine pentoxide (I2O5) is an acid anhydride that reacts with water to produce an acid, specifically iodic acid (HIO3). Understanding this concept is crucial for predicting the products of the reaction.
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Balancing Chemical Equations
Balancing chemical equations is a fundamental skill in chemistry that ensures the law of conservation of mass is upheld. This means that the number of atoms of each element must be the same on both sides of the equation. In the reaction between I2O5 and water, it is essential to correctly balance the equation to accurately represent the stoichiometry of the reactants and products.
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Naming Acids
Naming acids involves understanding the relationship between the anhydride and the resulting acid. For oxoacids, the name is derived from the central atom and the number of oxygen atoms. In this case, the reaction of I2O5 with water produces iodic acid (HIO3), which is named based on the presence of iodine and the oxidation state of the iodine in the compound.
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