Textbook Question
Based on effective nuclear charge (Zeff), which ion is the strongest oxidizing agent?
(a) Cu2+
(b) Ni2+
(c) Fe2+
(d) Mn2+
Ch.21 - Transition Elements and Coordination Chemistry
McMurry8th EditionChemistryISBN: 9781292336145
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 - Chemical Tools: Experimentation & Measurement170
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules & Ions160
- Ch.3 - Mass Relationships in Chemical Reactions169
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution199
- Ch.5 - Periodicity & Electronic Structure of Atoms102
- Ch.6 - Ionic Compounds: Periodic Trends and Bonding Theory92
- Ch.7 - Covalent Bonding and Electron-Dot Structures61
- Ch.8 - Covalent Compounds: Bonding Theories and Molecular Structure59
- Ch.9 - Thermochemistry: Chemical Energy122
- Ch.10 - Gases: Their Properties & Behavior155
- Ch.11 - Liquids & Phase Changes54
- Ch.12 - Solids and Solid-State Materials73
- Ch.13 - Solutions & Their Properties120
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics98
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium125
- Ch.16 - Aqueous Equilibria: Acids & Bases110
- Ch.17 - Applications of Aqueous Equilibria147
- Ch.18 - Thermodynamics: Entropy, Free Energy & Equilibrium86
- Ch.19 - Electrochemistry154
- Ch.20 - Nuclear Chemistry96
- Ch.21 - Transition Elements and Coordination Chemistry156
- Ch.22 - The Main Group Elements187
- Ch.23 - Organic and Biological Chemistry51
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McMurry 8th EditionCh.21 - Transition Elements and Coordination ChemistryProblem 21.85a
McMurry 8th EditionCh.21 - Transition Elements and Coordination ChemistryProblem 21.85aChapter 21, Problem 21.85a
Six isomers for a square planar palladium(II) complex that contains two Cl-and two SCN-ligands are shown below.
(a) Which structures are cis-trans isomers?
(b) Which structures are linkage isomers?
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Identify the coordination geometry of the complex. Since it is a square planar complex, the ligands are arranged in a square plane around the central metal ion.
For part (a), determine the cis-trans isomers by examining the positions of the Cl- and SCN- ligands. In cis isomers, similar ligands are adjacent, while in trans isomers, similar ligands are opposite each other.
List the possible arrangements of the ligands around the palladium center, considering the positions of Cl- and SCN- ligands to identify which are cis and which are trans.
For part (b), identify linkage isomers by considering the different ways the SCN- ligand can bind to the metal center. SCN- can bind through the sulfur atom (thiocyanato) or the nitrogen atom (isothiocyanato).
List the structures where SCN- is bound through different atoms, indicating the presence of linkage isomers.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Cis-Trans Isomerism
Cis-trans isomerism is a type of stereoisomerism where isomers differ in the spatial arrangement of ligands around a central atom. In square planar complexes, 'cis' refers to ligands being adjacent to each other, while 'trans' indicates that they are opposite. This arrangement affects the physical and chemical properties of the complex, making it essential to identify these isomers in coordination chemistry.
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02:13
Isomerism in Coordination Complexes Example
Linkage Isomerism
Linkage isomerism occurs when a ligand can coordinate to a metal center in more than one way. For example, the thiocyanate ion (SCN-) can bind through the sulfur atom (thiocyanato) or the nitrogen atom (isothiocyanato). This type of isomerism is significant in coordination compounds as it can lead to different chemical behaviors and reactivities.
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01:39Isomerism in Coordination Complexes Example
Square Planar Geometry
Square planar geometry is a molecular shape that occurs in certain coordination complexes, particularly those involving d8 metal ions like palladium(II). In this geometry, four ligands are arranged at the corners of a square around the central metal atom, leading to specific spatial arrangements that influence isomerism. Understanding this geometry is crucial for analyzing the isomers of the palladium complex in question.
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02:07Square planar complexes show the most complex splitting pattern.
Related Practice
Textbook Question
What is the systematic name for each of the following coordination compounds?
(a) Cs[FeCl4]
(b) [V(H2O)6](NO3)3
Textbook Question
Nickel(II) complexes with the formula NiX2L2, where X− is Cl− or N-bonded NCS− and L is the monodentate triphenylphosphine ligand P(C6H5)3, can be square planar or tetrahedral.
(a) Draw crystal field energy-level diagrams for a square planar and a tetrahedral nickel(II) complex, and show the population of the orbitals.
Textbook Question
For each of the following complexes, describe the bonding using valence bond theory. Include orbital diagrams for the free metal ion and the metal ion in the complex. Indicate which hybrid orbitals the metal ion uses for bonding, and specify the number of unpaired electrons.
(a) [AuCl4]2 (square planar)
Textbook Question
What is the systematic name for each of the following ions?
(a) [MnCl4]2-
(b) [Ni(NH3)6]2+
Textbook Question
For each of the following complexes, draw a crystal field energy-level diagram, assign the electrons to orbitals, and predict the number of unpaired electrons.
(a) [Pt(NH3)4]2+ (square planar)