An AB5 molecule adopts the geometry shown here. b. What is the electron-domain geometry for the molecule?

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insert step 1> Identify the type of molecule and the number of electron domains around the central atom.

insert step 2> Recognize that AB5 indicates a central atom (A) bonded to five surrounding atoms (B).

insert step 3> Understand that the electron-domain geometry is determined by the number of electron domains, which includes both bonding and non-bonding pairs.

insert step 4> Recall that for a molecule with five bonding pairs and no lone pairs, the electron-domain geometry is trigonal bipyramidal.

insert step 5> Conclude that the electron-domain geometry for an AB5 molecule is trigonal bipyramidal.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Electron-Domain Geometry

Electron-domain geometry refers to the spatial arrangement of all electron domains around a central atom in a molecule. These domains can include bonding pairs of electrons, lone pairs, and even single electrons. The geometry is determined by the number of these domains, which influences the overall shape of the molecule.

VSEPR Theory

Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory is a model used to predict the geometry of molecules based on the repulsion between electron pairs. According to VSEPR, electron pairs will arrange themselves as far apart as possible to minimize repulsion, leading to specific molecular shapes. This theory is essential for determining the electron-domain geometry of a molecule.

Molecular Geometry vs. Electron Geometry

Molecular geometry refers to the arrangement of atoms in a molecule, while electron geometry considers all electron domains, including lone pairs. In cases where lone pairs are present, the electron geometry may differ from the molecular geometry. Understanding this distinction is crucial for accurately describing the shape and properties of a molecule.

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Textbook Question

Fill in the blank spaces in the following chart. If the molecule column is blank, find an example that fulfills the conditions of the rest of the row. Molecule Electron-Domain Hybridization Dipole Geometry of Central Atom Moment? Yes or No CO2 sp³ Yes sp³ No Trigonal planar No SF₄ Octahedral No sp² Yes Trigonal bipyramidal No XeF₂

Textbook Question

The lactic acid molecule, CH3CH(OH)COOH, gives sour milk its unpleasant, sour taste. e. What are the approximate bond angles around each carbon atom in the molecule?

Textbook Question

An AB5 molecule adopts the geometry shown here.

c. Suppose the B atoms are halogen atoms. Of which group in the periodic table is atom A a member:

i. group 5A

ii. group 6A

iii. group 7A

iv. group 8A, or

v. is more information needed?

Textbook Question

The O—H bond lengths in the water molecule (H2O) are 0.96 Å, and the H—O—H angle is 104.5°. The overall dipole moment of the water molecule is 1.85 D. b. Calculate the magnitude of the bond dipole of the O─H bonds. (Note: You will need to use vector addition to do this.)

Textbook Question

a. Predict the electron-domain geometry around the central Xe atom in XeF2, XeF4, and XeF6.