Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
pH Scale
The pH scale measures the acidity or basicity of a solution, ranging from 0 to 14. A pH less than 7 indicates an acidic solution, while a pH greater than 7 indicates a basic solution. A pH of exactly 7 is considered neutral, which is the pH of pure water at 25°C. Understanding the pH scale is essential for determining the nature of the solutions in the table.
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Acids and Bases
Acids are substances that donate protons (H⁺ ions) in a solution, while bases accept protons. The strength of an acid or base is often determined by its dissociation in water; strong acids and bases dissociate completely, while weak acids and bases do so partially. Recognizing the properties of common acids and bases is crucial for identifying whether the solutions in the table are acidic or basic.
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Arrhenius Acids and Bases
Concentration and Dilution
The concentration of a solution refers to the amount of solute present in a given volume of solvent. Dilution involves adding more solvent to a solution, which decreases its concentration. Calculating the concentrations of the solutions in the table is necessary to determine their pH and classify them as acidic or basic, as the concentration of H⁺ ions directly influences the pH.
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