The ultraviolet spectrum can be divided into three regions based on wavelength: UV-A (315–400 nm), UV-B (280–315 nm), and UV-C (100–280 nm). (b) In the absence of ozone, which of these three regions, if any, are absorbed by the atmo- sphere?

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Step 1: Understand the problem. The question is asking which of the three regions of the ultraviolet spectrum (UV-A, UV-B, and UV-C) are absorbed by the atmosphere in the absence of ozone.

Step 2: Recall that the Earth's atmosphere is composed of several layers, each with its own unique properties and functions. The ozone layer, which is located in the stratosphere, is primarily responsible for absorbing most of the Sun's harmful ultraviolet radiation.

Step 3: Understand that in the absence of ozone, the atmosphere would still absorb some UV radiation, but not as effectively. The atmosphere is composed of other gases such as nitrogen and oxygen, which can absorb some UV radiation, particularly in the UV-C region.

Step 4: Note that UV-A and UV-B are less effectively absorbed by the other gases in the atmosphere. Therefore, in the absence of ozone, more UV-A and UV-B would reach the Earth's surface.

Step 5: Conclude that in the absence of ozone, the UV-C region would still be absorbed by the atmosphere, while the UV-A and UV-B regions would be less effectively absorbed.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Ultraviolet Spectrum

The ultraviolet (UV) spectrum is a portion of the electromagnetic spectrum with wavelengths shorter than visible light, ranging from about 10 nm to 400 nm. It is divided into three regions: UV-A (315–400 nm), UV-B (280–315 nm), and UV-C (100–280 nm), each with different properties and biological effects. Understanding these regions is crucial for assessing their interaction with the atmosphere and their potential impact on living organisms.

Ozone Layer

The ozone layer is a region of Earth's stratosphere that contains a high concentration of ozone (O3) molecules, which absorb the majority of the sun's harmful UV radiation, particularly UV-B and UV-C. This protective layer plays a vital role in shielding the Earth's surface from excessive UV exposure, which can lead to skin cancer and other health issues. In the absence of ozone, the atmosphere's ability to filter UV radiation is significantly reduced.

Atmospheric Absorption

Atmospheric absorption refers to the process by which certain gases and particles in the atmosphere absorb specific wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation. In the context of UV radiation, gases like ozone and water vapor absorb UV-B and UV-C radiation effectively, while UV-A is less absorbed. This concept is essential for understanding which regions of the UV spectrum reach the Earth's surface and the implications for environmental and health effects.

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Textbook Question

The wavelength at which the O₂ molecule most strongly absorbs light is approximately 145 nm. (a) In which region of the electromagnetic spectrum does this light fall?

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Textbook Question

The wavelength at which the O₂molecule most strongly absorbs light is approximately 145 nm. (b) Would a photon whose wavelength is 145 nm have enough energy to photodissociate O₂whose bond energy is 495 kJ/mol? Would it have enough energy to photoionize O₂?

Textbook Question

The ultraviolet spectrum can be divided into three regions based on wavelength: UV-A (315–400 nm), UV-B (280–315 nm), and UV-C (100–280 nm). (a) Photons from which region have the highest energy and therefore are the most harmful to living tissue? (315–400 nm), UV-B (280–315 nm), and UV-C (100–280 nm).

Textbook Question

The ultraviolet spectrum can be divided into three regions based on wavelength: UV-A (315–400 nm), UV-B (280–315 nm), and UV-C (100–280 nm). (c) When appropriate concentrations of ozone are present in the stratosphere, is all of the UV light absorbed before reaching the Earth’s surface? If not, which region or regions are not filtered out?

Textbook Question

Which of the following reactions in the stratosphere cause an increase in temperature there? (a) O(g) + O2(g) → O3+(g) (b) O3*(g) + M(g) → O3(g) + M*(g) (c) O2(g) + hv → 2 O(g) (d) O(g) + N2(g) → NO(g) + N(g) (e) All of the above

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