Textbook Question
Determine the oxidation number for the indicated element in each of the following substances: (a) S in SO3 (b) Ti in TiCl4
Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution
Chapter 4, Problem 50e,f
Determine the oxidation number for the indicated element in each of the following substances: (e) Pt in PtCl4 (f) O in OF2.
Verified step by step guidance1
Identify the oxidation number of Cl, which is typically -1.
Let the oxidation number of Pt be x.
Write the equation for the sum of oxidation numbers in the compound: x + 4(-1) = 0.
Simplify the equation: x - 4 = 0.
Solve for x to find the oxidation number of Pt.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Oxidation Number
The oxidation number, or oxidation state, is a value assigned to an element in a compound that reflects its degree of oxidation or reduction. It indicates the number of electrons an atom gains, loses, or shares when forming chemical bonds. Oxidation numbers are crucial for understanding redox reactions and determining the electron flow in chemical processes.
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Oxidation Numbers
Rules for Assigning Oxidation Numbers
There are specific rules for assigning oxidation numbers, such as the fact that the oxidation number of an element in its elemental form is zero, and for monoatomic ions, it equals the charge of the ion. In compounds, more electronegative elements typically have negative oxidation numbers, while less electronegative elements have positive values. These rules help in systematically determining the oxidation states of elements in various compounds.
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Coordination Compounds
Coordination compounds consist of a central metal atom or ion bonded to surrounding molecules or ions, known as ligands. In the case of PtCl4, platinum (Pt) is the central metal, and the four chloride ions (Cl) act as ligands. Understanding the structure and bonding in coordination compounds is essential for determining the oxidation state of the central metal, as it influences the overall charge of the complex.
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Related Practice
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Which element is oxidized, and which is reduced in the following reactions? (b) 3 Fe(NO3)2(aq) + 2 Al(s) → 3 Fe(s) + 2 Al(NO3)3(aq)