Complete the exercises below. The H₂/O₂ fuel cell converts elemental hydrogen and oxygen into water, producing, theoretically, 1.23 V. What is the most sustainable way to obtain hydrogen to run a large number of fuel cells? Explain.

Hydrogen can be produced through various methods, including steam methane reforming, electrolysis, and biomass gasification. Electrolysis, which uses electricity to split water into hydrogen and oxygen, is considered a sustainable method when powered by renewable energy sources. Understanding these methods is crucial for evaluating the sustainability of hydrogen production for fuel cells.

Renewable energy sources, such as solar, wind, and hydroelectric power, are essential for sustainable hydrogen production. When hydrogen is produced via electrolysis using electricity from these sources, it minimizes carbon emissions and reliance on fossil fuels. This connection between renewable energy and hydrogen production is vital for achieving sustainability in fuel cell applications.

Fuel cells convert chemical energy directly into electrical energy with high efficiency, typically around 40-60%. The theoretical voltage of 1.23 V for the H₂/O₂ fuel cell indicates its potential energy output. Understanding fuel cell efficiency helps in assessing the overall energy balance and sustainability of using hydrogen as a fuel, as it impacts the feasibility of large-scale applications.