Textbook Question
From the molecular structures shown here, identify the one that corresponds to each of the following species: (a) chlorine gas; (b) propane; (c) nitrate ion; (d) sulfur trioxide; (e) methyl chloride, CH3Cl.
Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules, and Ions
Chapter 2, Problem 107c,d
Fill in the blanks in the following table:
Cation Anion Formula Name
Lithium oxide
Fe2+ PO43-
Al2(SO4)3
Copper(II) nitrate
Cr3+ I−
MnClO2
Ammonium carbonate
Zinc perchlorate
Complete the third column of the table.
Complete the fourth column of the table.
Verified step by step guidance1
Identify the cation and anion for each compound or name given.
For 'Lithium oxide', the cation is Li^+ and the anion is O^2-. The formula is determined by balancing the charges, resulting in Li_2O.
For 'Fe^2+ PO_4^3-', balance the charges to form the compound Fe_3(PO_4)_2.
For 'Al_2(SO_4)_3', the cation is Al^3+ and the anion is SO_4^2-. The name is Aluminum sulfate.
For 'Copper(II) nitrate', the cation is Cu^2+ and the anion is NO_3^-. The formula is Cu(NO_3)_2.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Ionic Compounds
Ionic compounds are formed from the electrostatic attraction between cations (positively charged ions) and anions (negatively charged ions). They typically consist of a metal and a non-metal, where the metal donates electrons to become a cation, and the non-metal accepts electrons to become an anion. Understanding the formation and naming conventions of these compounds is essential for completing the table.
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Ionic Compounds Naming
Nomenclature of Ionic Compounds
The nomenclature of ionic compounds involves specific rules for naming cations and anions. Cations are usually named after the metal, while anions often have names derived from their elemental form, with suffixes like '-ide', '-ate', or '-ite' indicating their composition. Familiarity with these naming conventions is crucial for accurately filling in the names of the compounds in the table.
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Polyatomic Ions
Polyatomic ions are ions composed of two or more atoms that are covalently bonded together and carry a net charge. Examples include sulfate (SO₄²⁻) and phosphate (PO₄³⁻). Recognizing these ions and their charges is vital for determining the correct formulas and names of compounds that contain them, which is necessary for completing the table.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Fill in the blanks in the following table:
Cation Anion Formula Name
Lithium oxide
Fe2+ PO43-
Al2(SO4)3
Copper(II) nitrate
Cr3+ I−
MnClO2
Ammonium carbonate
Zinc perchlorate
Complete the first column of the table.
Textbook Question
Consider a sample of calcium carbonate in the form of a cubemeasuring 2.005 in. on each edge. If the sample has a densityof 2.71 g>cm3, how many oxygen atoms does it contain?
Textbook Question
Cyclopropane is an interesting hydrocarbon. Instead of having three carbons in a row, the three carbons form a ring, as shown in this perspective drawing (see Figure 2.18 for a prior example of this kind of drawing):
Cyclopropane was at one time used as an anesthetic, but its use was discontinued, in part because it is highly flammable. (a) How does it differ from that of propane?
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Textbook Question
Cyclopropane is an interesting hydrocarbon. Instead of having three carbons in a row, the three carbons form a ring, as shown in this perspective drawing (see Figure 2.18 for a prior example of this kind of drawing):
Cyclopropane was at one time used as an anesthetic, but its use was discontinued, in part because it is highly flammable. (b) The three carbon atoms are necessarily in a plane. What do the different wedges mean?