19. Chemical Thermodynamics

Calculate ΔG° (in kJ) for a reaction where ΔH° = -87 kJ, ΔS° = -223 J/K, and T = 298 K.

Calculate ΔG°rxn for the reaction: CaCO3(s) --> CaO(s) + CO2(g). Use the following reaction and given ΔG°rxn value: Ca(s) + CO2(g) + 1/2 O2(g) --> CaCO3(s) ΔG°rxn = -734.4 kJ. Assume ΔG°f for CaO(s) is -604.0 kJ/mol and ΔG°f for CO2(g) is -394.4 kJ/mol.

Consider the following reaction: CO2(g) + CCl4(g) ⇌ 2COCl2(g). Calculate ΔG for this reaction at 25 °C under these conditions: PCO2 = 0.140 atm, PCCl4 = 0.185 atm, PCOCl2 = 0.755 atm. Given that ΔG°f for CO2(g) is −394.4 kJ/mol, what is the value of ΔG?

Consider the following reaction: C2H4(g) + H2(g) → C2H6(g) with ΔH = -137.5 kJ and ΔS = -120.5 J/K. Calculate ΔG at 25 °C and determine whether the reaction is spontaneous.

Consider the following reaction: I2(g) + Cl2(g) ⇌ 2ICl(g) with Kp = 81.9 at 25 °C. Calculate ΔG⁰rxn for the reaction at 25 °C under equilibrium conditions. Express your answer in kilojoules.

Consider the following reaction: I2(g) + Cl2(g) ⇌ 2ICl(g) with Kp = 81.9 at 25 °C. Calculate ΔG⁰rxn for the reaction at 25 °C under standard conditions.

Consider the oxidation of NO to NO2: NO(g) + 1/2 O2(g) → NO2(g). Calculate ΔG°rxn at 25 °C given the following standard Gibbs free energies of formation: ΔG°f(NO) = 86.6 kJ/mol, ΔG°f(O2) = 0 kJ/mol, ΔG°f(NO2) = 51.3 kJ/mol.

For the vaporization of benzene, ΔHvap = 30.7 kJ/mol and ΔSvap = 87.0 J/(K·mol). Does benzene boil at 75 °C and 1 atm pressure?

Which of the following conditions indicates that a chemical reaction is spontaneous at constant temperature and pressure?

Which of the following conditions indicates that a chemical reaction is spontaneous at constant temperature and pressure?

Which of the following conditions will result in a spontaneous reaction at standard conditions according to the Gibbs free energy equation ΔG°rxn = ΔH°rxn - TΔS°rxn?

Gibbs free energy is a measure of the spontaneity of a chemical reaction. It is the chemical potential for a reaction and is minimized at equilibrium. The change in Gibbs free energy can be calculated by ΔG°_rxn = ΔH°_rxn - TΔS°_rxn where ΔG°_rxn is:

Given ΔH°rxn = -95 kJ, ΔS°rxn = 157 J/K, and T = 855 K, calculate the change in Gibbs free energy (ΔG) and predict whether this reaction is spontaneous at the given temperature. Choose from the following options:

Calculate the Gibbs free energy change associated with the formation of 2.0 g of CO2 from the reaction: 2 CO(g) + O2(g) -> 2 CO2(g); given ΔG° = -514.4 kJ for the formation of 2 moles of CO2.

The dissolution of ammonium nitrate is given by the reaction: NH4NO3(s) -> NH4+(aq) + NO3-(aq). Assuming that the values of ΔH° and ΔS° do not change appreciably with temperature, which of the following is the correct expression to calculate the ΔG° value for the reaction?