Table of contents

1. Intro to General Chemistry3h 48m
2. Atoms & Elements4h 16m
3. Chemical Reactions4h 10m
4. BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
5. BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions48m
6. Chemical Quantities & Aqueous Reactions3h 53m
7. Gases3h 49m
8. Thermochemistry2h 37m
9. Quantum Mechanics2h 58m
10. Periodic Properties of the Elements3h 9m
11. Bonding & Molecular Structure3h 29m
12. Molecular Shapes & Valence Bond Theory1h 57m
13. Liquids, Solids & Intermolecular Forces2h 23m
14. Solutions3h 1m
15. Chemical Kinetics2h 53m
16. Chemical Equilibrium2h 29m
17. Acid and Base Equilibrium5h 1m
18. Aqueous Equilibrium4h 47m
19. Chemical Thermodynamics1h 50m
20. Electrochemistry2h 42m
21. Nuclear Chemistry2h 36m
22. Organic Chemistry5h 7m
23. Chemistry of the Nonmetals2h 39m
24. Transition Metals and Coordination Compounds3h 16m

11. Bonding & Molecular Structure

Lewis Dot Structures: Ions

General Chemistry

11. Bonding & Molecular Structure

Lewis Dot Structures: Ions

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Multiple Choice

Draw the Lewis Dot Structure for the following cation:NH₄⁺.

Lewis Dot Structure of NH4 with four hydrogen atoms bonded to nitrogen.

Lewis Dot Structure of NH4 with a nitrogen atom and one unpaired electron.

Lewis Dot Structure of NH4+ showing nitrogen with four hydrogen atoms and a positive charge.

Lewis Dot Structure of NH4- showing nitrogen with four hydrogen atoms and a negative charge.

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Verified step by step guidance

Identify the central atom in the cation NH4+. In this case, nitrogen (N) is the central atom.

Determine the total number of valence electrons available. Nitrogen has 5 valence electrons, and each hydrogen has 1 valence electron. Since NH4+ is a cation with a +1 charge, subtract one electron from the total count.

Calculate the total valence electrons: 5 (from N) + 4 (from H) - 1 (due to the positive charge) = 8 valence electrons.

Distribute the electrons around the central atom to form bonds. Place one pair of electrons between nitrogen and each hydrogen atom to form four N-H bonds.

Ensure that nitrogen has a complete octet. In NH4+, nitrogen shares its electrons with hydrogen atoms, forming four single bonds, and the positive charge indicates that nitrogen has no lone pairs.