Table of contents

1. Intro to General Chemistry3h 48m
2. Atoms & Elements4h 16m
3. Chemical Reactions4h 10m
4. BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
5. BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions48m
6. Chemical Quantities & Aqueous Reactions3h 53m
7. Gases3h 49m
8. Thermochemistry2h 37m
9. Quantum Mechanics2h 58m
10. Periodic Properties of the Elements3h 9m
11. Bonding & Molecular Structure3h 29m
12. Molecular Shapes & Valence Bond Theory1h 57m
13. Liquids, Solids & Intermolecular Forces2h 23m
14. Solutions3h 1m
15. Chemical Kinetics2h 53m
16. Chemical Equilibrium2h 29m
17. Acid and Base Equilibrium5h 1m
18. Aqueous Equilibrium4h 47m
19. Chemical Thermodynamics1h 50m
20. Electrochemistry2h 42m
21. Nuclear Chemistry2h 36m
22. Organic Chemistry5h 7m
23. Chemistry of the Nonmetals2h 39m
24. Transition Metals and Coordination Compounds3h 16m

11. Bonding & Molecular Structure

Dipole Moment

General Chemistry

11. Bonding & Molecular Structure

Dipole Moment

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Multiple Choice

Why does the oxygen atom of a water molecule have a partial negative charge?

Because oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, attracting shared electrons towards itself.

Because oxygen donates electrons to hydrogen, resulting in a negative charge.

Because oxygen has a higher atomic mass than hydrogen, giving it a negative charge.

Because oxygen has a larger atomic radius than hydrogen, causing a negative charge.

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the concept of electronegativity: Electronegativity is a measure of an atom's ability to attract and hold onto electrons. In a chemical bond, the atom with higher electronegativity will attract the shared electrons more strongly.

Compare the electronegativity of oxygen and hydrogen: Oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen. This means that in a water molecule (H₂O), the oxygen atom will attract the shared electrons in the O-H bonds more strongly than the hydrogen atoms.

Analyze the distribution of electrons in a water molecule: Due to oxygen's higher electronegativity, the shared electrons in the O-H bonds are pulled closer to the oxygen atom, resulting in a partial negative charge on the oxygen atom.

Consider the concept of partial charges: In polar covalent bonds, such as those in water, the unequal sharing of electrons leads to partial charges. The atom that attracts electrons more strongly (oxygen in this case) becomes partially negative, while the other atom (hydrogen) becomes partially positive.

Clarify misconceptions: The partial negative charge on oxygen is not due to atomic mass or atomic radius. It is solely due to the difference in electronegativity between oxygen and hydrogen, which causes an unequal sharing of electrons.