Textbook Question
Place the following pairs of elements in order from smallest to largest difference in electronegativity: K and F, S and O, Br and I, Ca and Se, Li and Cl.
11. Bonding & Molecular Structure
Dipole Moment
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Which statement is true about the electrons in each polar bond of a water molecule?
A
Electrons are more attracted to the oxygen atom than the hydrogen atom.
B
Electrons are completely transferred from hydrogen to oxygen.
C
Electrons are shared equally between hydrogen and oxygen.
D
Electrons are more attracted to the hydrogen atom than the oxygen atom.
Verified step by step guidance1
Identify the atoms involved in the polar bonds of a water molecule: hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O).
Understand the concept of electronegativity, which is the tendency of an atom to attract electrons in a chemical bond.
Recognize that oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, meaning it has a stronger pull on the shared electrons in the bond.
In a polar covalent bond, electrons are shared between atoms, but not equally. The more electronegative atom (oxygen) attracts the electrons more strongly.
Conclude that in the polar bonds of a water molecule, electrons are more attracted to the oxygen atom than the hydrogen atom, resulting in a partial negative charge on oxygen and a partial positive charge on hydrogen.
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