Table of contents

1. Intro to General Chemistry3h 48m
2. Atoms & Elements4h 16m
3. Chemical Reactions4h 10m
4. BONUS: Lab Techniques and Procedures1h 38m
5. BONUS: Mathematical Operations and Functions48m
6. Chemical Quantities & Aqueous Reactions3h 53m
7. Gases3h 49m
8. Thermochemistry2h 37m
9. Quantum Mechanics2h 58m
10. Periodic Properties of the Elements3h 9m
11. Bonding & Molecular Structure3h 29m
12. Molecular Shapes & Valence Bond Theory1h 57m
13. Liquids, Solids & Intermolecular Forces2h 23m
14. Solutions3h 1m
15. Chemical Kinetics2h 53m
16. Chemical Equilibrium2h 29m
17. Acid and Base Equilibrium5h 1m
18. Aqueous Equilibrium4h 47m
19. Chemical Thermodynamics1h 50m
20. Electrochemistry2h 42m
21. Nuclear Chemistry2h 36m
22. Organic Chemistry5h 7m
23. Chemistry of the Nonmetals2h 39m
24. Transition Metals and Coordination Compounds3h 16m

19. Chemical Thermodynamics

Spontaneous vs Nonspontaneous Reactions

General Chemistry

19. Chemical Thermodynamics

Spontaneous vs Nonspontaneous Reactions

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Multiple Choice

Which of the following processes is spontaneous?

Dissolving more solute in a supersaturated solution

Dissolving more solute in a saturated solution

Dissolving more solute in an unsaturated solution

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand the concept of saturation: A solution can be unsaturated, saturated, or supersaturated. An unsaturated solution can dissolve more solute, a saturated solution has the maximum amount of solute dissolved, and a supersaturated solution contains more solute than it can theoretically hold at a given temperature.

Identify the nature of the solution: In an unsaturated solution, there is still capacity to dissolve more solute without any external intervention.

Consider the spontaneity of the process: A spontaneous process occurs naturally without needing external energy. Dissolving more solute in an unsaturated solution is spontaneous because the solution can naturally accommodate more solute.

Contrast with other scenarios: In a saturated solution, adding more solute will not dissolve unless conditions change (e.g., temperature increase). In a supersaturated solution, adding more solute can lead to crystallization, which is not spontaneous.

Conclude with the correct scenario: Therefore, the process of dissolving more solute in an unsaturated solution is spontaneous, as it naturally occurs without external influence.