Textbook Question
Give an example of an ionic carbide. What is the oxidation state of carbon in this substance?
Ch.22 - The Main Group Elements
McMurry8th EditionChemistryISBN: 9781292336145
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Table of contents
- Ch.1 - Chemical Tools: Experimentation & Measurement170
- Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules & Ions160
- Ch.3 - Mass Relationships in Chemical Reactions169
- Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution199
- Ch.5 - Periodicity & Electronic Structure of Atoms102
- Ch.6 - Ionic Compounds: Periodic Trends and Bonding Theory92
- Ch.7 - Covalent Bonding and Electron-Dot Structures61
- Ch.8 - Covalent Compounds: Bonding Theories and Molecular Structure59
- Ch.9 - Thermochemistry: Chemical Energy122
- Ch.10 - Gases: Their Properties & Behavior155
- Ch.11 - Liquids & Phase Changes54
- Ch.12 - Solids and Solid-State Materials73
- Ch.13 - Solutions & Their Properties120
- Ch.14 - Chemical Kinetics98
- Ch.15 - Chemical Equilibrium125
- Ch.16 - Aqueous Equilibria: Acids & Bases110
- Ch.17 - Applications of Aqueous Equilibria147
- Ch.18 - Thermodynamics: Entropy, Free Energy & Equilibrium86
- Ch.19 - Electrochemistry154
- Ch.20 - Nuclear Chemistry96
- Ch.21 - Transition Elements and Coordination Chemistry156
- Ch.22 - The Main Group Elements187
- Ch.23 - Organic and Biological Chemistry51
Chapter 22, Problem 22.101
Suggest a plausible structure for the silicate anion in the mineral thortveitite, Sc2Si2O7.
Verified step by step guidance1
Identify the chemical formula of the silicate anion in thortveitite, which is Si_2O_7^6-.
Recognize that the silicate anion Si_2O_7^6- is a type of sorosilicate, where two SiO_4 tetrahedra share one oxygen atom.
Visualize the structure: each silicon atom is at the center of a tetrahedron, and the tetrahedra are linked by sharing one oxygen atom, forming a Si-O-Si bridge.
Count the total number of oxygen atoms: each SiO_4 tetrahedron has 4 oxygen atoms, but sharing one oxygen reduces the total to 7.
Consider the charge: each SiO_4 unit has a charge of 4-, and sharing one oxygen results in a total charge of 6- for the Si_2O_7 anion.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Silicate Anions
Silicate anions are polyatomic ions composed of silicon and oxygen, typically represented as SiO4 tetrahedra. In silicates, these tetrahedra can link together in various configurations, forming chains, sheets, or three-dimensional frameworks. Understanding the arrangement of these tetrahedra is crucial for predicting the properties and structures of silicate minerals.
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Test for Anions
Thortveitite Structure
Thortveitite is a mineral that contains the silicate anion Si2O7, which consists of two SiO4 tetrahedra sharing one oxygen atom. This unique arrangement leads to a specific structural framework that influences the mineral's physical properties. Recognizing how these tetrahedra combine helps in visualizing the overall geometry of the mineral.
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Coordination and Bonding
In thortveitite, the coordination of the Scandium (Sc) ions is essential for stabilizing the silicate structure. Scandium typically exhibits a coordination number of 6, meaning it is surrounded by six oxygen atoms. Understanding the bonding and coordination in minerals is vital for predicting their stability, reactivity, and overall crystal structure.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Draw the electron-dot structure for CO, CO2, and CO32–, and predict which substance will have the strongest carbon–oxygen bond.
Textbook Question
Arrange the following oxides in order of increasing basic character: Al2O3, Cs2O, K2O, N2O5.
Textbook Question
Describe the structure of diborane (B2H6) and explain why the bridging B–H bonds are longer than the terminal B–H bonds.
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Textbook Question
Why are CO and CN– so toxic to humans?
Textbook Question
Using the shorthand notation of Figure 22.9, draw the structure of the silicate anion in:
(a) K4SiO4 (b) Ag10Si4O13
What is the relationship between the charge on the anion and the number of terminal O atoms?