Table of contents

1. Overview of Cell Biology2h 49m
2. Chemical Components of Cells1h 14m
3. Energy1h 33m
4. DNA, Chromosomes, and Genomes2h 31m
5. DNA to RNA to Protein2h 31m
6. Proteins1h 36m
7. Gene Expression1h 42m
8. Membrane Structure1h 4m
- The Lipid Bilayer
  38m
- Membrane Proteins
  25m
9. Transport Across Membranes1h 52m
10. Anerobic Respiration1h 5m
11. Aerobic Respiration1h 11m
12. Photosynthesis52m
13. Intracellular Protein Transport2h 18m
14. Cell Signaling1h 28m
15. Cytoskeleton and Cell Movement1h 39m
16. Cell Division3h 5m
17. Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction50m
18. Cell Junctions and Tissues48m
19. Stem Cells13m
- Stem Cells
  13m
20. Cancer44m
21. The Immune System1h 6m
22. Techniques in Cell Biology1h 41m

3. Energy

Gibbs Free Energy and Equilibrium

Cell Biology

3. Energy

Gibbs Free Energy and Equilibrium

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Multiple Choice

The standard free energy change (ΔG°) measures which of the following?

Spontaneity of a chemical reaction under any condition

Spontaneity of a chemical reaction under standard conditions

Ratio of products to reactants

Disorder in the universe

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Verified step by step guidance

Understand that the standard free energy change (ΔG°) is a thermodynamic quantity that provides information about the spontaneity of a reaction under standard conditions, which typically means 1 M concentration for all reactants and products, 1 atm pressure, and a specified temperature, usually 25°C (298 K).

Recognize that ΔG° is related to the equilibrium constant (K) of a reaction. A negative ΔG° indicates that the reaction is spontaneous under standard conditions, meaning it will proceed in the forward direction to reach equilibrium.

Recall that ΔG° is calculated using the equation ΔG° = -RT ln(K), where R is the universal gas constant and T is the temperature in Kelvin. This equation shows the relationship between ΔG° and the ratio of products to reactants at equilibrium.

Differentiate between ΔG° and ΔG. While ΔG° refers to standard conditions, ΔG can vary depending on the actual concentrations of reactants and products, and it determines spontaneity under non-standard conditions.

Conclude that ΔG° does not measure the disorder in the universe directly; instead, it is related to the Gibbs free energy change, which considers both enthalpy and entropy changes in a system to determine spontaneity.