Textbook Question
What type of bond is formed between two sugars in a disaccharide?
a. Glycosidic linkage
b. Phosphodiester bond
c. Peptide bond
d. Hydrogen bond
Ch. 5 - An Introduction to Carbohydrates
Freeman8th EditionBiological ScienceISBN: 9780138276263
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - Biology: The Study of Life13
- Ch. 2 - Water and Carbon: The Chemical Basis of Life14
- Ch.3 - Protein Structure and Function10
- Ch.4 - Nucleic Acids and the RNA World10
- Ch. 5 - An Introduction to Carbohydrates10
- Ch. 6 - Lipids, Membranes, and the First Cells11
- Ch. 7 - Inside the Cell10
- Ch. 8 - Energy and Enzymes: An Introduction to Metabolism10
- Ch. 9 - Cellular Respiration and Fermentation11
- Ch. 10 - Photosynthesis12
- Ch. 11 - Cell-Cell Interactions12
- Ch. 12 - The Cell Cycle8
- Ch. 13 - Meiosis12
- Ch. 14 - Mendel and the Gene23
- Ch. 15 - DNA and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair15
- Ch. 16 - How Genes Work16
- Ch. 17 - Transcription, RNA Processing, and Translation16
- Ch. 18 - Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria16
- Ch. 19 - Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes12
- Ch. 20 - The Molecular Revolution: Biotechnology, Genomics, and New Frontiers15
- Ch. 21 - Genes, Development, and Evolution12
- Ch. 22 - Evolution by Natural Selection16
- Ch. 23 - Evolutionary Processes13
- Ch. 24 - Speciation15
- Ch. 25 - Phylogenies and the History of Life13
- Ch. 26 - Bacteria and Archaea15
- Ch. 27 - Diversification of Eukaryotes16
- Ch. 28 - Green Algae and Land Plants16
- Ch. 29 - Fungi18
- Ch. 30 - An Introduction to Animals9
- Ch. 31 - Protostome Animals15
- Ch. 32 - Deuterostome Animals17
- Ch. 33 - Viruses16
- Ch. 34 - Plant Form and Function16
- Ch. 35 - Water and Sugar Transport in Plants16
- Ch. 36 - Plant Nutrition13
- Ch. 37 - Plant Sensory Systems, Signals, and Responses16
- Ch. 38 - Flowering Plant Reproduction and Development16
- Ch. 39 - Animal Form and Function17
- Ch. 40 - Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals16
- Ch. 41 - Animal Nutrition16
- Ch. 42 - Gas Exchange and Circulation16
- Ch. 43 - Animal Nervous Systems16
- Ch. 44 - Animal Sensory Systems16
- Ch. 45 - Animal Movement11
- Ch. 46 - Chemical Signals in Animals16
- Ch. 47 - Animal Reproduction and Development16
- Ch. 48 - The Immune System in Animals16
- Ch. 49 - An Introduction to Ecology15
- Ch. 50 - Behavioral Ecology16
- Ch. 51 - Population Ecology16
- Ch. 52 - Community Ecology20
- Ch. 53 - Ecosystems and Global Ecology17
- Ch. 54 - Biodiversity and Conservation Ecology18
Chapter 5, Problem 1
What are three ways monosaccharides differ from one another?
Verified step by step guidance1
1. Monosaccharides, also known as simple sugars, can differ in the number of carbon atoms they contain. For example, glucose and fructose both have six carbon atoms (hexoses), while ribose has five (pentose).
2. Monosaccharides can also differ in the position of their carbonyl group. If the carbonyl group is at the end of the carbon chain, the sugar is an aldose (like glucose). If the carbonyl group is within the carbon chain, the sugar is a ketose (like fructose).
3. Lastly, monosaccharides can differ in the spatial arrangement of their atoms. For instance, glucose and galactose are both aldohexoses, but they differ in the orientation of the hydroxyl group (-OH) on the fourth carbon atom.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Structure of Monosaccharides
Monosaccharides are the simplest form of carbohydrates, consisting of single sugar units. They can differ in their carbon chain length, typically ranging from three to seven carbons. The arrangement of these carbon atoms, along with the presence of functional groups like hydroxyl (-OH) and carbonyl (C=O), contributes to the structural diversity among monosaccharides.
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Community Structure
Isomerism in Monosaccharides
Monosaccharides can exist as isomers, which are compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural arrangements. This includes structural isomers, where the connectivity of atoms differs, and stereoisomers, where the spatial arrangement of atoms varies. For example, glucose and fructose are both C6H12O6 but differ in structure and properties.
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Functional Groups and Properties
The presence and arrangement of functional groups in monosaccharides significantly influence their chemical properties and reactivity. For instance, the location of the carbonyl group (aldehyde or ketone) determines whether a monosaccharide is classified as an aldose or a ketose. These differences affect how monosaccharides participate in biochemical reactions and their roles in metabolism.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
What holds cellulose molecules together in bundles large enough to form fibers?
a. The cell wall
b. Peptide bonds
c. Hydrogen bonds
d. Hydrophobic interactions
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Textbook Question
What are the primary functions of carbohydrates in cells?
a. Cell identity, energy storage, raw material source for synthesis, and structure
b. Catalysis, energy storage, metabolism, and structure
c. Catalysis, digestion, energy storage, and information storage
d. Energy storage, information storage, polymerization, and raw material source for synthesis