Textbook Question
Nondisjunction that leads to problems in offspring can occur in:
a. Mitosis
b. Meiosis I only
c. Meiosis I and II
d. Mitosis, meiosis I, and meiosis II
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Ch. 13 - Meiosis
Freeman8th EditionBiological ScienceISBN: 9780138276263
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - Biology: The Study of Life13
- Ch. 2 - Water and Carbon: The Chemical Basis of Life14
- Ch.3 - Protein Structure and Function10
- Ch.4 - Nucleic Acids and the RNA World10
- Ch. 5 - An Introduction to Carbohydrates10
- Ch. 6 - Lipids, Membranes, and the First Cells11
- Ch. 7 - Inside the Cell10
- Ch. 8 - Energy and Enzymes: An Introduction to Metabolism10
- Ch. 9 - Cellular Respiration and Fermentation11
- Ch. 10 - Photosynthesis12
- Ch. 11 - Cell-Cell Interactions12
- Ch. 12 - The Cell Cycle8
- Ch. 13 - Meiosis12
- Ch. 14 - Mendel and the Gene23
- Ch. 15 - DNA and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair15
- Ch. 16 - How Genes Work16
- Ch. 17 - Transcription, RNA Processing, and Translation16
- Ch. 18 - Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria16
- Ch. 19 - Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes12
- Ch. 20 - The Molecular Revolution: Biotechnology, Genomics, and New Frontiers15
- Ch. 21 - Genes, Development, and Evolution12
- Ch. 22 - Evolution by Natural Selection16
- Ch. 23 - Evolutionary Processes13
- Ch. 24 - Speciation15
- Ch. 25 - Phylogenies and the History of Life13
- Ch. 26 - Bacteria and Archaea15
- Ch. 27 - Diversification of Eukaryotes16
- Ch. 28 - Green Algae and Land Plants16
- Ch. 29 - Fungi18
- Ch. 30 - An Introduction to Animals9
- Ch. 31 - Protostome Animals15
- Ch. 32 - Deuterostome Animals17
- Ch. 33 - Viruses16
- Ch. 34 - Plant Form and Function16
- Ch. 35 - Water and Sugar Transport in Plants16
- Ch. 36 - Plant Nutrition13
- Ch. 37 - Plant Sensory Systems, Signals, and Responses16
- Ch. 38 - Flowering Plant Reproduction and Development16
- Ch. 39 - Animal Form and Function17
- Ch. 40 - Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals16
- Ch. 41 - Animal Nutrition16
- Ch. 42 - Gas Exchange and Circulation16
- Ch. 43 - Animal Nervous Systems16
- Ch. 44 - Animal Sensory Systems16
- Ch. 45 - Animal Movement11
- Ch. 46 - Chemical Signals in Animals16
- Ch. 47 - Animal Reproduction and Development16
- Ch. 48 - The Immune System in Animals16
- Ch. 49 - An Introduction to Ecology15
- Ch. 50 - Behavioral Ecology16
- Ch. 51 - Population Ecology16
- Ch. 52 - Community Ecology20
- Ch. 53 - Ecosystems and Global Ecology17
- Ch. 54 - Biodiversity and Conservation Ecology18
Chapter 13, Problem 7
Norway rats have 42 chromosomes in their diploid cells. If such a cell enters meiosis, how many chromosomes and double-helical molecules of DNA will be present in each daughter cell at the end of meiosis II?
a. 21 chromosomes and 21 double-helical DNA molecules
b. 21 chromosomes and 42 double-helical DNA molecules
c. 42 chromosomes and 42 double-helical DNA molecules
d. 42 chromosomes and 84 double-helical DNA molecules
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Understand the concept of diploid and haploid cells. Diploid cells contain two sets of chromosomes (one from each parent), while haploid cells contain only one set of chromosomes. Meiosis reduces the chromosome number from diploid (2n) to haploid (n).
Step 2: Recall the chromosome number in Norway rats. The diploid number is 42 chromosomes (2n = 42). During meiosis, this number is halved, resulting in haploid cells with 21 chromosomes (n = 21).
Step 3: Consider the process of meiosis. Meiosis consists of two divisions: meiosis I and meiosis II. At the end of meiosis I, homologous chromosomes are separated, but each chromosome still consists of two sister chromatids. At the end of meiosis II, sister chromatids are separated, resulting in daughter cells with single chromatids.
Step 4: Determine the number of double-helical DNA molecules. At the end of meiosis II, each chromosome consists of a single chromatid, which corresponds to one double-helical DNA molecule. Since there are 21 chromosomes in each haploid daughter cell, there will also be 21 double-helical DNA molecules.
Step 5: Match the findings to the answer choices. Based on the analysis, the correct answer is: 21 chromosomes and 21 double-helical DNA molecules.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Meiosis
Meiosis is a specialized type of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half, resulting in four genetically diverse daughter cells. It consists of two sequential divisions: meiosis I and meiosis II. During meiosis I, homologous chromosomes are separated, while meiosis II resembles mitosis, where sister chromatids are separated. This process is crucial for sexual reproduction, producing gametes with half the diploid number of chromosomes.
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04:49
Meiosis I & Meiosis II
Chromosome Number
In diploid organisms, chromosomes exist in pairs, with one set inherited from each parent. Norway rats have 42 chromosomes in their diploid cells, meaning they have 21 pairs. During meiosis, the diploid number is halved, resulting in haploid gametes that contain only one chromosome from each pair. Thus, after meiosis, each daughter cell will have 21 chromosomes.
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08:09Homologous Chromosomes
Double-Helical DNA Molecules
Each chromosome consists of a single double-helical DNA molecule. During the S phase of the cell cycle, before meiosis begins, each chromosome is replicated, resulting in two sister chromatids per chromosome. However, during meiosis II, the sister chromatids are separated, leading to each daughter cell containing one double-helical DNA molecule per chromosome. Therefore, at the end of meiosis II, each daughter cell will have 21 double-helical DNA molecules.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Select True or False for each statement.
Sister chromatids are homologous chromosomes.
Non-sister chromatids are found on two different homologs.
Crossing over occurs between sister chromatids.
A chiasma forms between two of the four molecules of double-stranded DNA on duplicated homologous chromosomes.
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Textbook Question
If you followed a woman's cells through meiosis, at what stage of meiosis would the amount of DNA in one of these cells be equal to the amount of DNA in one of her G1 phase (before DNA replication) kidney cells?
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Textbook Question
Triploid (3n) watermelons, which are seedless, are produced by crossing a tetraploid (4n) strain with a diploid (2n) plant. Explain why this mating produces a triploid individual.
Textbook Question
Meiosis results in independent assortment of egg-derived and sperm-derived chromosomes. If 2𝑛=4 for a given organism, and there is no crossing over, what is the chance that a gamete produced by this diploid organism will receive only sperm-derived chromosomes? In domestic cats, 2𝑛=38. What is the chance that a cat gamete contains only egg-derived chromosomes?
Textbook Question
A species of rotifer, a small freshwater invertebrate, lost the ability to reproduce sexually millions of years ago. A remarkable feature of its life cycle is the ability to withstand dry conditions. When the rotifer's environment dries out, so does the rotifer, and it can be blown to a new area. Rotifers that land in water will rehydrate and resume an active life. A major pathogen of these rotifers is a species of fungus that cannot survive drying. Some scientists hypothesize that drying rids the rotifers of this pathogen. Design an experimental study to test this hypothesis.
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