Textbook Question
After S phase, what makes up a single chromosome?
a. Two daughter chromosomes
b. A double-stranded DNA molecule
c. Two single-stranded DNA molecules
d. Two sister chromatids
Ch. 12 - The Cell Cycle
Freeman8th EditionBiological ScienceISBN: 9780138276263
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - Biology: The Study of Life13
- Ch. 2 - Water and Carbon: The Chemical Basis of Life14
- Ch.3 - Protein Structure and Function10
- Ch.4 - Nucleic Acids and the RNA World10
- Ch. 5 - An Introduction to Carbohydrates10
- Ch. 6 - Lipids, Membranes, and the First Cells11
- Ch. 7 - Inside the Cell10
- Ch. 8 - Energy and Enzymes: An Introduction to Metabolism10
- Ch. 9 - Cellular Respiration and Fermentation11
- Ch. 10 - Photosynthesis12
- Ch. 11 - Cell-Cell Interactions12
- Ch. 12 - The Cell Cycle8
- Ch. 13 - Meiosis12
- Ch. 14 - Mendel and the Gene23
- Ch. 15 - DNA and the Gene: Synthesis and Repair15
- Ch. 16 - How Genes Work16
- Ch. 17 - Transcription, RNA Processing, and Translation16
- Ch. 18 - Control of Gene Expression in Bacteria16
- Ch. 19 - Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes12
- Ch. 20 - The Molecular Revolution: Biotechnology, Genomics, and New Frontiers15
- Ch. 21 - Genes, Development, and Evolution12
- Ch. 22 - Evolution by Natural Selection16
- Ch. 23 - Evolutionary Processes13
- Ch. 24 - Speciation15
- Ch. 25 - Phylogenies and the History of Life13
- Ch. 26 - Bacteria and Archaea15
- Ch. 27 - Diversification of Eukaryotes16
- Ch. 28 - Green Algae and Land Plants16
- Ch. 29 - Fungi18
- Ch. 30 - An Introduction to Animals9
- Ch. 31 - Protostome Animals15
- Ch. 32 - Deuterostome Animals17
- Ch. 33 - Viruses16
- Ch. 34 - Plant Form and Function16
- Ch. 35 - Water and Sugar Transport in Plants16
- Ch. 36 - Plant Nutrition13
- Ch. 37 - Plant Sensory Systems, Signals, and Responses16
- Ch. 38 - Flowering Plant Reproduction and Development16
- Ch. 39 - Animal Form and Function17
- Ch. 40 - Water and Electrolyte Balance in Animals16
- Ch. 41 - Animal Nutrition16
- Ch. 42 - Gas Exchange and Circulation16
- Ch. 43 - Animal Nervous Systems16
- Ch. 44 - Animal Sensory Systems16
- Ch. 45 - Animal Movement11
- Ch. 46 - Chemical Signals in Animals16
- Ch. 47 - Animal Reproduction and Development16
- Ch. 48 - The Immune System in Animals16
- Ch. 49 - An Introduction to Ecology15
- Ch. 50 - Behavioral Ecology16
- Ch. 51 - Population Ecology16
- Ch. 52 - Community Ecology20
- Ch. 53 - Ecosystems and Global Ecology17
- Ch. 54 - Biodiversity and Conservation Ecology18
Chapter 12, Problem 3
Progression through the cell cycle is regulated by oscillations in the concentration of which type of molecule?
a. p53, Rb, and other tumor suppressors
b. Receptor tyrosine kinases
c. Cyclins
d. Cyclin-dependent kinases
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the cell cycle: The cell cycle is a series of phases that cells go through as they grow and divide. It includes the G1, S, G2, and M phases.
Identify the role of cyclins: Cyclins are proteins that regulate the progression of cells through the cell cycle by activating cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs).
Recognize the oscillation pattern: Cyclins are named for their cyclical concentration changes during the cell cycle. Their levels rise and fall, which is crucial for the timing of cell cycle events.
Differentiate between cyclins and CDKs: While cyclins regulate the cell cycle by binding to CDKs, it is the concentration of cyclins that oscillates, not the CDKs themselves.
Conclude the answer: Based on the understanding that cyclins are the molecules whose concentrations oscillate to regulate the cell cycle, identify the correct option as cyclins.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Cell Cycle
The cell cycle is a series of phases that cells go through as they grow and divide. It consists of interphase (G1, S, and G2 phases) and mitotic phase (mitosis and cytokinesis). Proper regulation of the cell cycle is crucial for normal cell function and prevention of uncontrolled cell division, which can lead to cancer.
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Cell Cycle Regulation
Cyclins
Cyclins are a family of proteins that control the progression of cells through the cell cycle by activating cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). Their concentrations fluctuate throughout the cell cycle, peaking at specific phases to ensure the cell cycle progresses in a controlled manner. Cyclins bind to CDKs, forming a complex that phosphorylates target proteins to drive the cell cycle forward.
Cyclin-Dependent Kinases (CDKs)
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are a group of protein kinases that, when activated by binding to cyclins, regulate the cell cycle. CDKs phosphorylate specific target proteins, leading to cell cycle progression. The activity of CDKs is tightly regulated by cyclins, ensuring that cell cycle events occur in the correct sequence and at the appropriate time.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
What major events occur during anaphase of mitosis?
Textbook Question
Identify at least two events in the cell cycle that must be completed successfully for daughter cells to share an identical complement of chromosomes.
Textbook Question
What evidence suggests that during anaphase, kinetochore microtubules shorten at the kinetochore?