Textbook Question
Which of the following sensory receptors is incorrectly paired with its category?
a. Hair cell—mechanoreceptor
b. Snake pit organ—thermoreceptor
c. Taste receptor—chemoreceptor
d. Olfactory receptor—electromagnetic receptor
Ch. 50 - Sensory and Motor Mechanisms
Urry11th EditionCampbell BiologyISBN: 9789357423311
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry8
- Ch. 2 - The Chemical Context of Life8
- Ch. 3 - Water and Life6
- Ch. 4 - Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life9
- Ch. 5 - The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules9
- Ch. 6 - A Tour of the Cell6
- Ch. 7 - Membrane Structure and Function6
- Ch. 8 - An Introduction to Metabolism6
- Ch. 9 - Cellular Respiration and Fermentation10
- Ch. 10 - Photosynthesis7
- Ch. 11 - Cell Communication7
- Ch. 12 - The Cell Cycle10
- Ch. 13 - Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles10
- Ch. 14 - Mendel and the Gene Idea14
- Ch, 15 - The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance7
- Ch. 16 - The Molecular Basis of Inheritance9
- Ch. 17 - Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein9
- Ch. 18 - Regulation of Gene Expression10
- Ch. 19 - Viruses6
- Ch. 20 - DNA Tools and Biotechnology8
- Ch. 21 - Genomes and Their Evolution8
- Ch. 22 - Descent with Modification: A Darwininan View of Life6
- Ch. 23 - The Evolution of Populations5
- Ch. 24 - The Origin of Species6
- Ch. 25 - The History of Life on Earth6
- Ch. 26 - Phylogeny and the Tree of Life7
- Ch. 27 - Bacteria and Archaea8
- Ch. 28 - Protists7
- Ch. 29 - Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land7
- Ch. 30 - Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants7
- Ch. 31 - Fungi5
- Ch. 32 - An Overview of Animal Diversity4
- Ch. 33 - An introduction to Invertebrates6
- Ch. 34 - The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates7
- Ch. 35 - Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development8
- Ch. 36 - Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants8
- Ch. 37 - Soil and Plant Nutrition10
- Ch. 38 - Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology8
- Ch. 39 - Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals8
- Ch. 40 - Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function8
- Ch. 41 - Animal Nutrition7
- Ch. 42 - Circulation and Gas Exchange7
- Ch. 43 - The Immune System6
- Ch. 44 - Osmoregulation and Excretion6
- Ch. 45 - Hormones and the Endocrine System8
- Ch. 46 - Animal Reproduction8
- Ch. 47 - Animal Development8
- Ch. 48 - Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling6
- Ch. 49 - Nervous Systems8
- Ch. 50 - Sensory and Motor Mechanisms5
- Ch. 51 Animal Behavior6
- Ch. 52 - An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere7
- Ch. 53 - Population Ecology10
- Ch. 54 - Community Ecology9
- Ch. 55 - Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology8
- Ch. 56 - Conservation Biology and Global Change6
Chapter 50, Problem 2
The middle ear converts
a. Air pressure waves to fluid pressure waves
b. Air pressure waves to nerve impulses
c. Fluid pressure waves to nerve impulses
d. Pressure waves to hair cell movements
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the function of the middle ear: The middle ear is responsible for transmitting sound vibrations from the outer ear to the inner ear. It primarily converts air pressure waves into another form that can be processed by the inner ear.
Identify the components of the middle ear: The middle ear contains the tympanic membrane (eardrum) and three small bones known as the ossicles (malleus, incus, and stapes). These structures play a crucial role in the conversion process.
Explore the conversion process: When sound waves hit the tympanic membrane, they cause it to vibrate. These vibrations are transferred to the ossicles, which amplify the sound and convert the air pressure waves into mechanical vibrations.
Consider the role of the stapes: The stapes, the last bone in the ossicle chain, connects to the oval window of the cochlea in the inner ear. It transmits the mechanical vibrations into the cochlea, where they are converted into fluid pressure waves.
Conclude the conversion pathway: The middle ear's primary function is to convert air pressure waves into fluid pressure waves, facilitating the transmission of sound into the inner ear for further processing.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Middle Ear Function
The middle ear is responsible for transmitting sound vibrations from the outer ear to the inner ear. It converts air pressure waves into mechanical vibrations using the ossicles, which are tiny bones that amplify sound. This process is crucial for hearing as it prepares the sound waves for further processing in the inner ear.
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Functional Groups
Fluid Pressure Waves
Fluid pressure waves occur in the inner ear, specifically within the cochlea. When the middle ear converts air pressure waves into mechanical vibrations, these vibrations are transferred to the cochlear fluid, creating fluid pressure waves. These waves stimulate hair cells, which are essential for converting mechanical energy into nerve impulses.
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Hair Cell Movements
Hair cells are sensory cells located in the cochlea of the inner ear. They play a critical role in hearing by responding to fluid pressure waves. The movement of these hair cells generates electrical signals, which are then transmitted as nerve impulses to the brain, allowing us to perceive sound. This conversion is a key step in the auditory process.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
During the contraction of a vertebrate skeletal muscle fiber, calcium ions
a. Break cross-bridges as a cofactor in hydrolysis of ATP
b. Bind with troponin, changing its shape so that the myosin-binding sites on actin are exposed
c. Transmit action potentials from the motor neuron to the muscle fiber
d. Spread action potentials through the T tubules
Textbook Question
Which sensory distinction is not encoded by a difference in neuron identity?
a. White and red
b. Red and green
c. Loud and faint
d. Salty and sweet
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Textbook Question
The transduction of sound waves into action potentials occurs
a. In the tectorial membrane as it is stimulated by hair cells
b. When hair cells are bent against the tectorial membrane, causing them to depolarize and release neurotransmitter that stimulates sensory neurons
c. As the basilar membrane vibrates at different frequencies in response to the varying volume of sounds
d. Within the middle ear as the vibrations are amplified by the malleus, incus, and stapes