Textbook Question
Vertebrates and tunicates share
a. Jaws adapted for feeding
b. A high degree of cephalization
c. An endoskeleton that includes a skull
d. A notochord and a dorsal, hollow nerve cord
Ch. 34 - The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates
Urry11th EditionCampbell BiologyISBN: 9789357423311
Not the one you use?Change textbookSelect a different textbook
Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry8
- Ch. 2 - The Chemical Context of Life8
- Ch. 3 - Water and Life6
- Ch. 4 - Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life9
- Ch. 5 - The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules9
- Ch. 6 - A Tour of the Cell6
- Ch. 7 - Membrane Structure and Function6
- Ch. 8 - An Introduction to Metabolism6
- Ch. 9 - Cellular Respiration and Fermentation10
- Ch. 10 - Photosynthesis7
- Ch. 11 - Cell Communication7
- Ch. 12 - The Cell Cycle10
- Ch. 13 - Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles10
- Ch. 14 - Mendel and the Gene Idea14
- Ch, 15 - The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance7
- Ch. 16 - The Molecular Basis of Inheritance9
- Ch. 17 - Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein9
- Ch. 18 - Regulation of Gene Expression10
- Ch. 19 - Viruses6
- Ch. 20 - DNA Tools and Biotechnology8
- Ch. 21 - Genomes and Their Evolution8
- Ch. 22 - Descent with Modification: A Darwininan View of Life6
- Ch. 23 - The Evolution of Populations5
- Ch. 24 - The Origin of Species6
- Ch. 25 - The History of Life on Earth6
- Ch. 26 - Phylogeny and the Tree of Life7
- Ch. 27 - Bacteria and Archaea8
- Ch. 28 - Protists7
- Ch. 29 - Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land7
- Ch. 30 - Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants7
- Ch. 31 - Fungi5
- Ch. 32 - An Overview of Animal Diversity4
- Ch. 33 - An introduction to Invertebrates6
- Ch. 34 - The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates7
- Ch. 35 - Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development8
- Ch. 36 - Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants8
- Ch. 37 - Soil and Plant Nutrition10
- Ch. 38 - Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology8
- Ch. 39 - Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals8
- Ch. 40 - Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function8
- Ch. 41 - Animal Nutrition7
- Ch. 42 - Circulation and Gas Exchange7
- Ch. 43 - The Immune System6
- Ch. 44 - Osmoregulation and Excretion6
- Ch. 45 - Hormones and the Endocrine System8
- Ch. 46 - Animal Reproduction8
- Ch. 47 - Animal Development8
- Ch. 48 - Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling6
- Ch. 49 - Nervous Systems8
- Ch. 50 - Sensory and Motor Mechanisms5
- Ch. 51 Animal Behavior6
- Ch. 52 - An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere7
- Ch. 53 - Population Ecology10
- Ch. 54 - Community Ecology9
- Ch. 55 - Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology8
- Ch. 56 - Conservation Biology and Global Change6
Chapter 34, Problem 4
Which clade does not include humans?
a. Synapsids
b. Lobe-fins
c. Diapsids
d. Osteichthyans
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand the concept of clades: A clade is a group of organisms that includes a common ancestor and all its descendants. Clades are used in phylogenetics to show evolutionary relationships.
Identify the clades mentioned in the problem: synapsids, lobe-fins, diapsids, and osteichthyans.
Recall the evolutionary lineage of humans: Humans belong to the clade of synapsids, which includes mammals and their ancestors.
Examine the clade of lobe-fins: Lobe-fins include tetrapods, which are vertebrates with limbs, and humans are part of this clade.
Consider the clade of diapsids: Diapsids are a group of reptiles that include birds, crocodiles, and lizards. Humans are not part of this clade.
Verified video answer for a similar problem:
This video solution was recommended by our tutors as helpful for the problem above.
Video duration:
27sWas this helpful?
Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Clade
A clade is a group of organisms that includes a common ancestor and all its descendants, representing a single branch on the tree of life. Understanding clades helps in tracing evolutionary relationships and determining which organisms share a common lineage.
Recommended video:
Guided course
15:46
Cladistics
Synapsids
Synapsids are a clade of animals that includes mammals and their extinct relatives. They are characterized by having a single temporal opening in the skull. Humans, as mammals, are part of the synapsid clade, which is crucial for understanding our evolutionary history.
Recommended video:
Guided course
04:14Birds and Synapsids
Diapsids
Diapsids are a clade of reptiles that have two temporal openings in their skulls. This group includes most reptiles and birds, but not mammals. Understanding diapsids is essential for identifying clades that do not include humans, as humans belong to the synapsid clade.
Related Practice
Textbook Question
Living vertebrates can be divided into two major clades. Select the appropriate pair.
a. The chordates and the tetrapods
b. The urochordates and the cephalochordates
c. The cyclostomes and the gnathostome
d. The marsupials and the eutherians
1
views
Textbook Question
Unlike eutherians, both monotremes and marsupials
a. Lack nipples
b. Have some embryonic development outside the uterus
c. Lay eggs
d. Are found in Australia and Africa
2
views
Textbook Question
As hominins diverged from other primates, which of the following appeared first?
a. Reduced jawbones
b. An enlarged brain
c. The making of stone tools
d. Bipedal locomotion
Textbook Question
Which of the following could be considered the most recent common ancestor of living tetrapods?
a. A sturdy-finned, shallow-water lobe-fin whose appendages had skeletal supports similar to those of terrestrial vertebrates
b. An armored, jawed placoderm with two pairs of appendages
c. An early ray-finned fish that developed bony skeletal supports in its paired fins
d. A salamander that had legs supported by a bony skeleton but moved with the side-to-side bending typical of fishes
Textbook Question
Living members of a vertebrate lineage can be very different from early members of the lineage, and evolutionary reversals (character losses) are common. Give examples that illustrate these observations, and explain their evolutionary causes.