Textbook Question
Choose the pair of terms that correctly completes this sentence: Catabolism is to anabolism as ____________ is to ____________.
a. exergonic; spontaneous
b. exergonic; endergonic
c. free energy; entropy
d. work; energy
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Ch. 8 - An Introduction to Metabolism
Urry12th EditionCampbell BiologyISBN: 9785794169850
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - Evolution, the Themes of Biology, and Scientific Inquiry8
- Ch. 2 - The Chemical Context of Life8
- Ch. 3 - Water and Life6
- Ch. 4 - Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life9
- Ch. 5 - The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules9
- Ch. 6 - A Tour of the Cell6
- Ch. 7 - Membrane Structure and Function6
- Ch. 8 - An Introduction to Metabolism6
- Ch. 9 - Cellular Respiration and Fermentation10
- Ch. 10 - Photosynthesis7
- Ch. 11 - Cell Communication7
- Ch. 12 - The Cell Cycle11
- Ch. 13 - Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles10
- Ch. 14 - Mendel and the Gene Idea14
- Ch, 15 - The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance6
- Ch. 16 - The Molecular Basis of Inheritance9
- Ch. 17 - Gene Expression: From Gene to Protein9
- Ch. 18 - Regulation of Gene Expression10
- Ch. 19 - Viruses6
- Ch. 20 - DNA Tools and Biotechnology7
- Ch. 21 - Genomes and Their Evolution8
- Ch. 22 - Descent with Modification: A Darwininan View of Life6
- Ch. 23 - The Evolution of Populations5
- Ch. 24 - The Origin of Species6
- Ch. 25 - The History of Life on Earth8
- Ch. 26 - Phylogeny and the Tree of Life8
- Ch. 27 - Bacteria and Archaea6
- Ch. 28 - Protists7
- Ch. 29 - Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land7
- Ch. 30 - Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants6
- Ch. 31 - Fungi5
- Ch. 32 - An Overview of Animal Diversity4
- Ch. 33 - An introduction to Invertebrates6
- Ch. 34 - The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates7
- Ch. 35 - Vascular Plant Structure, Growth, and Development10
- Ch. 36 - Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants8
- Ch. 37 - Soil and Plant Nutrition11
- Ch. 38 - Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology8
- Ch. 39 - Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals8
- Ch. 40 - Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function8
- Ch. 41 - Animal Nutrition7
- Ch. 42 - Circulation and Gas Exchange7
- Ch. 43 - The Immune System5
- Ch. 44 - Osmoregulation and Excretion6
- Ch. 45 - Hormones and the Endocrine System8
- Ch. 46 - Animal Reproduction9
- Ch. 47 - Animal Development8
- Ch. 48 - Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling6
- Ch. 49 - Nervous Systems8
- Ch. 50 - Sensory and Motor Mechanisms5
- Ch. 51 Animal Behavior6
- Ch. 52 - An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere7
- Ch. 53 - Population Ecology9
- Ch. 54 - Community Ecology9
- Ch. 55 - Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology8
- Ch. 56 - Conservation Biology and Global Change6
Chapter 8, Problem 3
Which of the following metabolic processes can occur without a net influx of energy from some other process?
a. ADP + Ⓟi → ATP + H2O
b. C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O
c. 6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2
d. Aminoacids →Protein
Verified step by step guidance1
Understand that metabolic processes can be either exergonic or endergonic. Exergonic processes release energy and can occur spontaneously, while endergonic processes require an input of energy.
Examine each option to determine if it is exergonic or endergonic. Option a (ADP + Pi → ATP + H2O) is an endergonic process because it requires energy to form ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate.
Option b (C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O) is the process of cellular respiration, which is exergonic. It releases energy by breaking down glucose in the presence of oxygen.
Option c (6 CO2 + 6 H2O → C6H12O6 + 6 O2) is photosynthesis, an endergonic process that requires energy input from sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.
Option d (Amino acids → Protein) is an endergonic process known as protein synthesis, which requires energy to form peptide bonds between amino acids.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Exergonic vs Endergonic Reactions
Exergonic reactions release energy and occur spontaneously, while endergonic reactions require an input of energy to proceed. Understanding these concepts helps determine which metabolic processes can occur without a net influx of energy, as exergonic reactions are self-sustaining.
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Types of Chemical Reactions
Cellular Respiration
Cellular respiration is a metabolic process where glucose (C6H12O6) is broken down in the presence of oxygen (O2) to produce carbon dioxide (CO2), water (H2O), and energy in the form of ATP. This process is exergonic, releasing energy that can be used by the cell, making it a candidate for occurring without additional energy input.
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Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) into glucose (C6H12O6) and oxygen (O2) using energy from sunlight. This is an endergonic reaction, requiring energy input, typically from sunlight, to drive the conversion, indicating it cannot occur without external energy.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Most cells cannot harness heat to perform work because
a. Heat does not involve a transfer of energy.
b. Cells do not have much thermal energy; they are relatively cool.
c. Temperature is usually uniform throughout a cell.
d. Heat can never be used to do work.
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Textbook Question
If an enzyme in solution is saturated with substrate, the most effective way to obtain a faster yield of products is to
a. Add more of the enzyme.
b. Heat the solution to 90°C.
c. Add more substrate.
d. Add a noncompetitive inhibitor.
Textbook Question
Some bacteria are metabolically active in hot springs because
a. They are able to maintain a lower internal temperature.
b. High temperatures make catalysis unnecessary.
c. Their enzymes have high optimal temperatures.
d. Their enzymes are completely insensitive to temperature.
Textbook Question
If an enzyme is added to a solution where its substrate and product are in equilibrium, what will occur?
a. Additional substrate will be formed.
b. The reaction will change from endergonic to exergonic.
c. The free energy of the system will change.
d. Nothing; the reaction will stay at equilibrium.
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