Textbook Question
Add labels to the figure that follows, which illustrates the product and reactants of photosynthesis and the relationship between its light reactions and light-independent reactions.
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Ch. 5 - Life in the Greenhouse
Belk, Maier6th EditionBiology: Science for LifeISBN: 9780135214084
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Table of contents
- Ch. 1 - Can Science Cure the Common Cold?12
- Ch. 2 - Science Fiction, Bad Science, and Pseudoscience12
- Ch. 3 - Is It Possible to Supplement Your Way to Better Performance and Health?10
- Ch. 4 - Body Weight and Health10
- Ch. 5 - Life in the Greenhouse10
- Ch. 6 - Cancer10
- Ch. 7 - Fertility10
- Ch. 8 - Does Testing Save Lives?10
- Ch. 9 - Biology of Wrongful Convictions10
- Ch. 10 - Genetically Modified Organisms10
- Ch. 11 - Where Did We Come From?13
- Ch. 12 - An Evolving Enemy8
- Ch. 13 - Understanding Race11
- Ch. 14 - The Greatest Species on Earth?8
- Ch. 15 - Is the Human Population Too Large?10
- Ch. 16 - Conserving Biodiversity12
- Ch. 17 - The Human Footprint10
Belk, Maier6th EditionBiology: Science for LifeISBN: 9780135214084Not the one you use?Change textbook
Chapter 5, Problem 3
Water has a high heat-absorbing capacity because ________.
a. The sun's rays penetrate to the bottom of bodies of water, mainly heating the bottom surface.
b. The strong covalent bonds that hold individual water molecules together require large inputs of heat to break.
c. It has the ability to dissolve many heat-resistant solutes.
d. Initial energy inputs are first used to break hydrogen bonds between water molecules and only after these are broken, to raise the temperature; e. all of the above are true.
Verified step by step guidance1
Step 1: Understand the concept of water's high heat-absorbing capacity. This property is due to water's ability to absorb and store large amounts of heat energy without a significant change in temperature. This is primarily due to the hydrogen bonds between water molecules.
Step 2: Analyze the options provided in the question. Each option suggests a reason for water's high heat-absorbing capacity. Evaluate each one based on your understanding of water's molecular properties.
Step 3: Recall that hydrogen bonds between water molecules play a critical role in water's heat capacity. When heat is applied, the energy is first used to break these hydrogen bonds before increasing the kinetic energy (temperature) of the water molecules.
Step 4: Eliminate incorrect options. For example, strong covalent bonds within individual water molecules (option b) are not responsible for heat absorption, as these bonds are not broken during normal heating. Similarly, the sun's rays heating the bottom of water bodies (option a) is unrelated to water's intrinsic heat capacity.
Step 5: Identify the correct answer based on the explanation. The correct reason is that initial energy inputs are used to break hydrogen bonds between water molecules (option d). This explains why water has a high heat-absorbing capacity.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Heat Capacity
Heat capacity is the amount of heat energy required to change the temperature of a substance by a given amount. Water has a high heat capacity, meaning it can absorb a significant amount of heat without a large increase in temperature. This property is crucial for regulating temperatures in natural environments and is vital for maintaining homeostasis in living organisms.
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Water’s High Specific Heat
Hydrogen Bonds
Hydrogen bonds are weak attractions that occur between the hydrogen atom of one water molecule and the oxygen atom of another. These bonds are responsible for many of water's unique properties, including its high heat capacity. When heat is added to water, much of the energy is initially used to break these hydrogen bonds before the temperature of the water begins to rise.
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Covalent Bonds
Covalent bonds are strong chemical bonds formed when two atoms share electrons. In water, each molecule consists of two hydrogen atoms covalently bonded to one oxygen atom. While covalent bonds give water its molecular structure, it is the hydrogen bonds between water molecules that significantly contribute to its high heat-absorbing capacity.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Carbon dioxide functions as a greenhouse gas by ________.
a. Interfering with water's ability to absorb heat.
b. Increasing the random molecular motions of oxygen.
c. Allowing radiation from the sun to reach Earth and absorbing the re-radiated heat.
d. Splitting into carbon and oxygen and increasing the rate of cellular respiration.
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Textbook Question
The burning of fossil fuels ________.
a. Releases carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.
b. Primarily occurs as a result of human activity.
c. Is contributing to global warming.
d. Is possible thanks to photosynthesis that occurred millions of years ago.
e. All of the above are correct.
Textbook Question
Stomata on a plant's surface ________.
a. Prevent oxygen from escaping.
b. Produce water as a result of photosynthesis.
c. Cannot be regulated by the plant.
d. Allow carbon dioxide uptake into leaves.
e. Are found in stacks called thylakoids.
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Textbook Question
Which of the following does not occur during the light reactions of photosynthesis?
a. Water is released.
b. Electrons from chlorophyll are moved to a higher-energy state by light.
c. ATP is produced.
d. NADPH is produced to carry electrons to the light-independent reactions.
e. Oxygen is produced when water is split.
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