The pons contains:

(a) Sensory and motor nuclei for six cranial nerves

(b) Nuclei concerned with the control of blood pressure

(c) Tracts that link the cerebellum with the brainstem

(d) No ascending or descending tracts

(e) Both a and b.

The primary purpose of the blood brain barrier (BBB) is to (a) provide the brain with oxygenated blood, (b) drain venous blood by the internal jugular veins, (c) isolate neural tissue in the CNS from the general circulation, (d) do all of these.

The centers in the pons that modify the activity of the respiratory rhythmicity centers in the medulla oblongata are the:

(a) Apneustic and pneumotaxic centers

(b) Inferior and superior peduncles

(c) Cardiac and vasomotor centers

(d) Gracile nucleus and cuneate nucleus

The establishment of emotional states is a function of the:

(a) Limbic system

(b) Tectum

(c) Mammillary bodies

(d) Thalamus

Coordination of learned movement patterns at the subconscious level is performed by

(a) The cerebellum

(b) The substantia nigra

(c) Association fibers

(d) The hypothalamus

The two cerebral hemispheres are functionally different, even though anatomically they appear the same.

(a) True

(b) False

List the names of the 12 pairs of cranial nerves. (Hint: use the mnemonic device 'Oh, Once One Takes The Anatomy Final, Very Good Vacations Are Heavenly.' )

Briefly summarize the overall function of the cerebellum.

The only cranial nerves that are attached to the cerebrum are the____ nerves.

(a) optic

(b) oculomotor

(c) trochlear

(d) olfactory

(e) abducens

If symptoms characteristic of Parkinson's disease appear, which part of the midbrain is inhibited from secreting a neurotransmitter? Which neurotransmitter is it?

What varied roles does the hypothalamus play in the body?

Stimulation of which part of the brain would produce sensations of hunger and thirst?

Which structure in the brain is your A&P instructor referring to when talking about a nucleus that resembles a sea horse and that is important in the storage and retrieval of long-term memories? In which functional system of the brain is it located?

What are the principal functional differences between the right and left cerebral hemispheres?

Damage to the vestibular nucleus would lead to

(a) Loss of sight

(b) Loss of hearing

(c) Inability to sense pain

(d) Difficulty in maintaining balance

(e) Inability to swallow

A cerebrovascular accident occurs when

(a) The reticular activating system fails to function

(b) The prefrontal lobe is damaged

(c) The blood supply to a portion of the brain is cut off

(d) A descending tract in the spinal cord is severed

(e) Brainstem nuclei hypersecrete dopamine

What kinds of problems are associated with the presence of lesions in the Wernicke's area and the Broca's area?

A police officer has just stopped Bill on suspicion of driving while intoxicated. The officer asks Bill to walk the yellow line on the road and then to place the tip of his index finger on the tip of his nose. How would these activities indicate Bill's level of sobriety? Which part of the brain is being tested by these activities?

Colleen falls down a flight of stairs and bumps her head several times. Soon after, she develops a headache and blurred vision. Diagnostic tests at the hospital reveal an epidural hematoma in the temporoparietal area. The hematoma is pressing against the brainstem. What other signs and symptoms might she experience as a result of the injury?

Infants have little to no control of the movements of their head. One of the consequences of this is that they are susceptible to shaken baby syndrome, caused by vigorous shaking of an infant or young child by the arms, legs, chest, or shoulders. Forceful shaking can cause brain damage leading to mental retardation, speech and learning disabilities, paralysis, seizures, hearing loss, and even death. Damage to which areas of the brain would account for the clinical signs observed in this syndrome?