Accessory glands that produce an oily secretion are the

a. Conjunctiva

b. Lacrimal glands

c. Tarsal glands

The portion of the fibrous layer that is white and opaque is the

a. Choroid

b. Cornea

c. Retina

d. Sclera

Which sequence best describes a normal route for the flow of tears from the eyes into the nasal cavity?

a. Lacrimal canaliculi, lacrimal sacs, nasolacrimal ducts

b. Lacrimal ducts, lacrimal canaliculi, nasolacrimal ducts

c. Nasolacrimal ducts, lacrimal canaliculi, lacrimal sacs

Of the neurons in the retina, the axons of which of these form the optic nerve?

a. Bipolar cells

b. Ganglion cells

c. Cone cells

d. Horizontal cells

Taste buds are found on the

a. Anterior part of the tongue

b. Posterior part of the tongue

c. Palate

d. All of these

Olfactory nerve filaments are found

a. In the optic bulbs

b. Passing through the cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone

c. In the optic tracts

d. In the olfactory cortex

The transmission of sound vibrations through the internal ear occurs chiefly through

(a) nerve fibers

(b) air

(c) fluid

(d) bone.

Which of the following statements does not correctly describe the spiral organ?

a. Sounds of high frequency stimulate hair cells at the basal end.

b. The 'hairs' of the receptor cells are embedded in the tectorial membrane.

c. The basilar membrane acts as a resonator.

d. The more numerous outer hair cells are largely responsible for our perception of sound.

The structure that allows pressure in the middle ear to be equalized with atmospheric pressure is the

a. Pinna

b. Pharyngotympanic tube

c. Tympanic membrane

d. Oval window

Otoliths (ear stones) are

a. A cause of deafness

b. A type of hearing aid

c. Important in equilibrium

d. The rock-hard petrous part of the temporal bones

How do rods and cones differ functionally?

Name the cranial nerves that serve the sense of taste.

Pitch is to frequency of sound as loudness is to

a. Quality

b. Intensity

c. Overtones

d. All of these

Which of the following is important in maintaining the balance of the body?

a. Visual cues

b. Semicircular canals

c. The saccule

d. Proprioceptors

e. All of these

Which of the following is not a possible cause of conduction deafness?

a. Impacted cerumen

b. Middle ear infection

c. Cochlear nerve degeneration

d. Otosclerosis

Why do you often have to blow your nose after crying

Where are the olfactory sensory neurons, and why is that site poorly suited for their job?

David Norris, an engineering student, has been working in a nightclub to earn money to pay for his education. After about eight months, he notices that he is having problems hearing high-pitched tones. What is the likely cause-and-effect relationship here?

Describe the response of rhodopsin to light stimuli. What is the outcome of this cascade of events?

Since there are only three types of cones, how can you explain the fact that we see many more colors?

Describe the effect of aging on the special sense organs.

During an ophthalmoscopic examination, Mrs. James was found to have bilateral papilledema. Further investigation indicated that this condition resulted from a rapidly growing intracranial tumor. First, define papilledema (see Related Clinical Terms). Then explain its presence in terms of Mrs. James’s diagnosis.

Maria, a 9-year-old girl, told the clinic physician that her “ear lump hurt” and she kept “getting dizzy and falling down.” As she told her story, she pointed to her mastoid process. An otoscopic examination of the external acoustic meatus revealed a red, swollen eardrum, and her throat was inflamed. Her condition was described as mastoiditis with secondary labyrinthitis (inflammation of the labyrinth). Describe the most likely route of infection and the infected structures in Maria’s case. Also explain the cause of her dizziness and falling.

Mrs. Orlando has been noticing flashes of light and tiny specks in her right visual field. When she begins to see a “veil” floating before her right eye, she makes an appointment to see the eye doctor. What is your diagnosis? Is the condition serious? Explain.

Assume that a tumor in the pituitary gland or hypothalamus is protruding inferiorly and compressing the optic chiasma. What could be the visual outcome?

Henri, a chef in a five-star French restaurant, has been diagnosed with leukemia. He is about to undergo chemotherapy, which will kill rapidly dividing cells in his body. He needs to continue working between bouts of chemotherapy. What consequences of chemotherapy would you predict that might affect his job as a chef?