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Problem L2.1e
Write a single sentence, using no more than 25 words, to summarize the following cellular processes:
Transcription
Problem L2.3a
Explain how the form of the following structures is related to its function:
Cilia
Problem L2.3b
Explain how the form of the following structures is related to its function:
Microvili
Problem L3A
A patient is admitted to the hospital and given intravenous (IV) fluids. Four hours later, the patient complains that his mouth and eyes feel dry. You notice that he displays signs of dehydration, and when you check his IV, you see that he was given the wrong kind of fluids. Were these fluids likely hypotonic, isotonic, or hypertonic? Explain.
Problem L2.3d
Explain how the form of each of the following structures is related to its function:
Lysosomes
Problem L2.3c
Explain how the form of each of the following structures is related to its function:
Intermediate filaments
Problem L2.3e
Explain how the form of each of the following structures is related to its function:
Nuclear envelope
Problem L3A2
A popular science fiction program once had an episode that featured an 'intron virus' that 'turned on' the introns in the genes, causing the synthesis of abnormal proteins. The episode may have been entertaining, but its premise had a large flaw about the nature of introns. What was the flaw?
Problem L3.A3
A hypothetical poison prevents transcription factors from binding to the gene for tubulin proteins. What impact would this have on mitosis, and why?
Problem L3A4
What effect would the hypothetical poison of question 3 have on other functions of the cell? Explain.
Problem L3.B5b
Epithelial cells of the kidneys have pumps that drive the transcellular transport of sodium ions.
The movement of sodium ions drives the transcellular transport of water. Explain why water follows sodium. (Connects to Chapter 3)
Problem L2.1a
Write a single sentence, using no more than 25 words, to summarize each of the following cellular processes:
Diffusion
Problem L2.1b
Write a single sentence, using no more than 25 words, to summarize each of the following cellular processes:
Osmosis
Problem L3.1c
Write a single sentence, using no more than 25 words, to summarize each of the following cellular processes:
Primary active transport
Problem L2.1d
Write a single sentence, using no more than 25 words, to summarize each of the following cellular processes:
Secondary active transport
Problem L2.1f
Write a single sentence, using no more than 25 words, to summarize each of the following cellular processes:
Translation
Problem L3.1g
Write a single sentence, using no more than 25 words, to summarize each of the following cellular processes:
DNA synthesis
Problem L3.1h
Write a single sentence, using no more than 25 words, to summarize each of the following cellular processes:
Mitosis
Problem 1
Which of the following is not a basic function shared by all cells?
a. Cell metabolism
b. Communication
c. Cell reproduction
d. Cell movement
e. Transport of substances through the cell
Problem 2
The three main components of a cell are the______ , the______, and the______.
Problem 3
What are the two fluid compartments in the body, and how are they kept separate?
Problem 4
Which of the following best describes the arrangement of the main component of the plasma membrane?
a. A monolayer of phospholipids with the phosphate heads facing the cytosol and the fatty acid tails facing the extracellular fluid
b. A bilayer of phospholipids with the phosphate heads facing the cytosol and extracellular fluid, and the fatty acid tails facing one another
c. A bilayer of phospholipids with the phosphate heads of one layer facing the fatty acid tails of the other
d. A bilayer of phospholipids with a layer of triglycerides sandwiched in the middle
Problem 5a
Mark the following statements about the plasma membrane as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.
Integral membrane proteins generally span the width of the plasma membrane, whereas peripheral proteins are found on only one side of the membrane.
Problem 5b
Mark the following statements about the plasma membrane as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.
Cholesterol provides the plasma membrane with stability in the face of changing ion concentrations.
Problem 5c
Mark the following statements about the plasma membrane as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.
Membrane cholesterol is vital for cell-cell recognition.
Problem 5d
Mark the following statements about the plasma membrane as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.
Membrane proteins often function as channels or carriers.
Problem 5e
Mark the following statements about the plasma membrane as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.
The overall structure of the plasma membrane is a mosaic with the components locked tightly in place.
Problem 6
What is the primary difference between active transport processes and passive transport processes?
Problem 7
Match the term with its appropriate definition.
Osmosis
Secondary active transport
Exocytosis
Phagocytosis
Simple diffusion
Primary active transport
Pinocytosis
Facilitated diffusion
a. Type of endocytosis in which a large particle is ingested
b. Transport across the plasma membrane against the concentration gradient via direct use of energy from ATP
c. Passive movement of solute across the plasma membrane
d. Movement of solvent from a solution of lower solute concentration to a solution of higher solute concentration
e. Passive movement of solute across the plasma membrane via a channel or carrier protein
f. Type of endocytosis in which ECF is brought into the cell in a protein-coated pit
g. Release of large substances from the cell through a vesicle
h. Transport of a substance across the plasma membrane against its concentration gradient using the energy from the 'downhill' movement of another substance
Problem 8
A hypotonic solution will cause water to move ________the cell, and the cell will ______.
A hypertonic solution will cause water to move ______the cell, and the cell will ________.