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Problem 13
Which of the following can be used to synthesize fatty acids?
a. Glucose
b. Amino acids
c. Both a and b
d. Neither a nor b
Problem 14
Identify the following characteristics as belonging to the absorptive state or the postabsorptive state.
a. Ketogenesis occurs.________
b. Gluconeogenesis and glucose sparing take place.________
c. Glycogenesis and lipogenesis take place.________
d. Protein synthesis decreases or stops.________
e. Glucose is readily available and is used as the primary fuel for most cells.________
f. Lipolysis releases fatty acids into the blood.________
Problem 15
The hormone that directly stimulates the hunger center is:
a. Ghrelin
b. Cholecystokinin
c. Insulin
d. Leptin
Problem 16
Why is heat production a good way to measure the body's metabolic rate?
Problem 17
Which of the following best defines the basal metabolic rate?
a. The rate of heat production during exercise
b. The rate at which glucose is catabolized
c. The amount of energy needed for the body's anabolic reactions
d. The energy cost of living
Problem 18a
Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.
a. Conduction is energy transfer between the body and the environment via electromagnetic waves.
Problem 18b
Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.
b. Thermoreceptors send temperature information to centers in the hypothalamus.
Problem 18c
Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.
c. Heat-loss mechanisms include sweating and vasodilation of the blood vessels in the skin.
Problem 18d
Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.
d. The body temperature measured on the skin or in the mouth is generally higher than the core body temperature.
Problem 19
A/an ________ is a nutrient that the body requires in large quantities, whereas a/an ________ is one that the body requires in much smaller quantities. A/an ________ is a nutrient that the body cannot produce and so must be supplied from the diet.
Problem 20
Which of the following statements is false?
a. Fiber is a polysaccharide that is completely or partially indigestible by the human body.
b. A complete protein contains all the essential amino acids.
c. Saturated fats contain hydrogen atoms arranged on opposite sides of the carbon-carbon double bond.
d. Linoleic and linolenic acid are essential fatty acids.
Problem 21
How do fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins differ? Which vitamins are fat-soluble?
Problem 22a
Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.
a. Vitamins and minerals are used as fuel sources for cells.
Problem 22b
Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.
b. High-density lipoproteins deliver cholesterol from the liver to peripheral tissues.
Problem 22c
Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.
c. Negative energy balance refers to the condition in which fewer Calories are taken in than are expended.
Problem 22d
Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.
d. Obesity is defined as a body mass index of 30.0 or greater.