Why must a cell body be intact for an axon to regenerate? (Hint: What structure is housed only in the cell body, and what are its functions?)

Huntington's disease is characterized by a loss of normal inhibition mediated by the basal nuclei. Predict the symptoms you are likely to see with this disease.

How could you tell the difference between an injury that damaged the cerebellum and one that damaged the basal nuclei?

Why do injuries to the hippocampus interfere with the formation of new declarative memories but do not impact memories already encoded in long-term memory? Why do such injuries not affect the formation of nondeclarative memories?

Ms. Norris is brought to the emergency department with injuries to the posterior of her head resulting from a motor vehicle accident. Which lobes of the cerebrum likely sustained injuries? Predict the main signs and symptoms you will see resulting from the injury to these cerebral lobes.

On further examination, Ms. Norris is shown to be in a state of unarousable unconsciousness, or coma. Which area or system of the brain is likely damaged? Explain.

In a diving accident, Arlene damages the left side of her upper thoracic spinal cord. On which side of the body will she lose: muscle control, tactile sensation, and pain sensation? Explain.

A new diet wonder drug is designed to block the release of orexins. How might this cause weight loss? Predict the potential adverse effects that might come from blocking orexin release.

Which of the following statements about the general functions of the nervous system is false?

a. The three primary functions of the nervous system include sensory, integrative, and motor functions.

b. The integrative functions of the nervous system are its processing functions.

c. Sensory stimuli are transmitted on sensory efferent fibers to a sensory receptor.

d. Motor functions are carried out by fibers that carry signals to an effector.

The central nervous system is responsible for:

a. Integrative functions

b. Sensory functions

c. Motor functions

d. Both b and c are correct

Mark the following statements about the brain as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

Humans use only 10% of their brains.

Mark the following statements about the brain as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

The four main components of the brain are the cerebrum, the diencephalon, the cerebellum, and the brainstem.

Mark the following statements about the brain as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

The right and left lateral ventricles are the largest of the ventricles in the brain and are located in the diencephalon.

Mark the following statements about the brain as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

The cerebrum is responsible for our basic, involuntary functions and reflexes.

Which statement about cerebral white matter is false?

a. Commissural fibers connect the right and left cerebral hemispheres.

b. Projection fibers connect the cerebral cortex of one hemisphere with structures in the other hemisphere.

c. The corpus callosum is the largest bundle of white matter in the brain.

d. Association fibers connect the gyri of the cerebral cortex with one another.

Mark the following statements as true or false. If the statement is false, correct it to make it a true statement.

Aggregates of Golgi apparatus and lysosomes form dark-staining Nissl bodies within the cell body.

Mark the following statements as true or false. If the statement is false, correct it to make it a true statement.

The axon contains a high density of ribosomes, rough endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus.

Mark the following statements as true or false. If the statement is false, correct it to make it a true statement.

Axons arise from the axon hillock.

Mark the following statements as true or false. If the statement is false, correct it to make it a true statement.

Substances can move toward or away from the cell body through the axon via fast axonal transport.

An axon is best defined as a process that:

a. Transmits signals only toward the cell body.

b. Can generate action potentials.

c. Transmits signals only away from the cell body.

d. Cannot generate action potentials

Mark the following statements about the cerebral cortex as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

The neocortex is the 'newest' component of the cerebral cortex from an evolutionary perspective.

Mark the following statements about the cerebral cortex as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

The cerebral cortex is composed of white matter.

Mark the following statements about the cerebral cortex as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

The primary visual cortex is located in the occipital lobe.

Mark the following statements about the cerebral cortex as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

The prefrontal cortex is located in the frontal lobe and is concerned with movement.

The myelinated segment of an axon that is covered by a glial cell is called a/an ________; the gaps between glial cells where the axolemma is exposed are called ________.

The central sulcus separates the:

a. Parietal and temporal lobes

b. Parietal and occipital lobes

c. Frontal and temporal lobes

d. Frontal and parietal lobes

What structure forms cerebrospinal fluid? How does this occur?

Explain the importance of the blood brain barrier, and list the structures that form it.

Mark the following statements about the spinal cord as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

The spinal cord functions as a relay and processing station.

Mark the following statements about the spinal cord as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

The spinal cord extends from the foramen magnum to the level between the first and second lumbar vertebrae.