The lower motor neurons that innervate contractile skeletal muscle fibers are called:

a. α-motor neurons

b. β-motor neurons

c. upper motor neurons

d. γ-motor neurons

The cell bodies of upper motor neurons reside in the ________ and function to ________, whereas the cell bodies of lower motor neurons reside in the ________ and function to ________.

______detect the degree to which a muscle is stretched, whereas______detect the force of a muscle contraction.

Label the following components of the corticospinal tracts with numbers 1 through 6, with 1 being the origin of the tracts and 6 their destination.     

_____ Medullary pyramids where most fibers decussate.     

_____ Anterior horn of the spinal gray matter.     

_____ Midbrain and pons.      

_____ Upper motor neurons in the primary motor and premotor cortices.     

_____ Corona radiata and internal capsule.        

_____ Lateral funiculus of the spinal cord.

Which of the following is the correct order of events of a reflex arc?

a. Stimulus detection and delivery → motor response → integration in the CNS

b. Motor response → stimulus detection and delivery → integration in the CNS

c. Stimulus detection and delivery → integration in the CNS → delivery of motor response

d. Integration in the CNS → motor response → stimulus detection and delivery

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

a. The simple stretch reflex is a monosynaptic reflex with only a single synapse in the spinal cord between the sensory and motor neurons.

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

b. The Golgi tendon organs detect stretch in a simple stretch reflex.

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

c. A flexion reflex is a monosynaptic reflex with only one synapse in the spinal cord.

Which of the following somatic sensations is not carried by the posterior columns?

a. Tactile senses

b. Temperature

c. Proprioception

d. Stretch

Which two cranial nerves mediate the gag reflex?

Mark the following statements as true or false. If a statement is false, correct it to make a true statement.

b. Thermoreceptors send temperature information to centers in the hypothalamus.