Pavlov's dogs exhibited stimulus discrimination when they

The term extinction may be misleading, because

An unlearned, involuntary response, such as salivating when presented with food, is

A stimulus that has no effect on the desired response is a(n) _____ stimulus.

For classical conditioning to be effective, the conditioned stimulus must be

When Pavlov stopped giving the dogs food after the real conditioned stimulus, they stopped salivating to the sound of the ticking. This is called

Without the _____, higher-order conditioning would be difficult to maintain and would gradually fade away.

A naturally occurring stimulus that leads to an involuntary (reflex) response is a(n)