Light shines from a laser in air down into water. If the laser beam in air makes an angle of $40°$ with the water's surface, what angle will it make with the surface under water?

White light is incident onto a 30° prism at the 40° angle shown in FIGURE P35.41. Violet light emerges perpendicular to the rear face of the prism. The index of refraction of violet light in this glass is 2.0% larger than the index of refraction of red light. At what angle Φ does red light emerge from the rear face?< >

A beam of white light enters a transparent material. Wavelengths for which the index of refraction is n are refracted at angle θ₂. Wavelengths for which the index of refraction is n + δn, where δn << n, are refracted at angle θ₂ + δθ.b. A beam of white light is incident on a piece of glass at 30°. Deep violet light is refracted 0.28° more than deep red light. The index of refraction for deep red light is known to be 1.552. What is the index of refraction for deep violet light?

A hydrogen discharge lamp emits light with two prominent wavelengths: 656 nm (red) and 486 nm (blue). The light enters a flint-glass prism perpendicular to one face and then refracts through the hypotenuse back into the air. The angle between these two faces is 35°.b. What is the angle (in degrees) between the red and blue light as it leaves the prism?

Suppose a ray of light starts in air, then enters a slab of diamond with parallel faces, and then exits again. If the ray entered the diamond at an angle ${\theta }_{\text{i}}$ from a line normal to the diamond slab, what is true of the final angle from normal ${\theta }_{\text{f}}$?

A graduated cylinder is filled with $14\mathrm{cm}$ of oil floating on $20\mathrm{cm}$ of water. How long, in nanoseconds, does it take light to travel from the top of the oil to the bottom of the water?

A light ray, moving in air, is incident on a piece of plastic at an angle of 23° with respect to the normal. Inside the plastic the ray travels at an angle of 16° with respect to the normal. What is the index of refraction of the plastic?

If oil is floating on water, what is the critical angle at the oil/water boundary?