Monosaccharides - Reduction (Alditols) quiz Flashcards
Monosaccharides - Reduction (Alditols) quiz
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What do plants do with sugar?
Plants use sugar primarily for energy through cellular respiration and as a building block for growth and development. Which enzyme catalyzes the breakdown of starch into sugars?
The enzyme amylase catalyzes the breakdown of starch into sugars. What are alditols in the context of monosaccharide reduction?
Alditols are polyols or sugar alcohols produced from the reduction of monosaccharides, lacking carbonyl groups. What is the role of sodium borohydride (NaBH4) in monosaccharide reduction?
Sodium borohydride (NaBH4) acts as a reducing agent that converts aldehydes in monosaccharides to alcohols while maintaining stereochemistry. How does the reduction of ketoses differ from aldoses?
Reduction of ketoses can lead to a mixture of products due to C2 racemization, unlike aldoses which typically yield a single product. What is the mechanism of reduction involving NaBH4?
The mechanism involves nucleophilic addition of hydride from NaBH4 to the carbonyl carbon, followed by protonation to form the alcohol. What are common uses of sugar alcohols like sorbitol and mannitol?
Sugar alcohols are used as sugar substitutes, food thickeners, and medicinal laxatives. Why are sugar alcohols not considered sugars?
Sugar alcohols lack carbonyl groups and have been reduced to alcohols, thus they do not meet the criteria to be classified as sugars. What happens to the stereochemistry of a sugar during reduction?
The stereochemistry of the original sugar is conserved during reduction, except for ketoses where racemization can occur. What is the difference between sorbitol and mannitol?
Sorbitol and mannitol differ in the orientation of the hydroxyl group at C2, resulting from the reduction of glucose and mannose, respectively.
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