What experimental evidence provided the initial insights into the compositions of codons encoding specific amino acids?

How were the specific sequences of triplet codes determined experimentally?

How were the experimentally derived triplet codon assignments verified in studies using bacteriophage MS2?

How do we know that mRNA exists and serves as an intermediate between information encoded in DNA and its concomitant gene product?

How do we know that the initial transcript of a eukaryotic gene contains noncoding sequences that must be removed before accurate translation into proteins can occur?

Write a short essay that summarizes the key properties of the genetic code and the process by which RNA is transcribed on a DNA template.