Blood is buffered by carbonic acid and the bicarbonate ion. Normal blood plasma is 0.024 M in HCO₃^- and 0.0012 M H₂CO₃ (pK_a1 for H₂CO₃ at body temperature is 6.1).

c. Given the volume from part (b), what mass of NaOH can be neutralized before the pH rises above 7.8?

The fluids within cells are buffered by H₂PO₄^- and HPO₄^2- . b. Could a buffer system employing H₃PO₄ as the weak acid and H₂PO₄^- as the weak base be used as a buffer system within cells? Explain.

Which buffer system is the best choice to create a buffer with pH = 9.00? For the best system, calculate the ratio of the masses of the buffer components required to make the buffer. HF/KF HNO₂/KNO₂ NH₃/NH₄Cl HClO/KClO

A 500.0-mL buffer solution is 0.100 M in HNO₂ and 0.150 M in KNO₂. Determine if each addition would exceed the capacity of the buffer to neutralize it. a. 250 mg NaOH

A 500.0-mL buffer solution is 0.100 M in HNO₂ and 0.150 M in KNO₂. Determine if each addition would exceed the capacity of the buffer to neutralize it. b. 350 mg KOH

A 500.0-mL buffer solution is 0.100 M in HNO₂ and 0.150 M in KNO₂. Determine if each addition would exceed the capacity of the buffer to neutralize it. c. 1.25 g HBr

A 500.0-mL buffer solution is 0.100 M in HNO₂ and 0.150 M in KNO₂. Determine if each addition would exceed the capacity of the buffer to neutralize it. d. 1.35 g HI

A 1.0-L buffer solution is 0.125 M in HNO₂ and 0.145 M in NaNO₂. Determine the concentrations of HNO₂ and NaNO₂ after the addition of each substance: a. 1.5 g HCl b. 1.5 g NaOH c. 1.5 g HI

The graphs labeled (a) and (b) show the titration curves for two equal-volume samples of monoprotic acids, one weak and one strong. Both titrations were carried out with the same concentration of strong base.

(i) What is the approximate pH at the equivalence point of each curve?

The graphs labeled (a) and (b) show the titration curves for two equal-volume samples of monoprotic acids, one weak and one strong. Both titrations were carried out with the same concentration of strong base.

(ii) Which graph corresponds to the titration of the strong acid and which one to the titration of the weak acid?

Two 25.0-mL samples, one 0.100 M HCl and the other 0.100 M HF, are titrated with 0.200 M KOH. b. Is the pH at the equivalence point for each titration acidic, basic, or neutral?

Two 25.0-mL samples, one 0.100 M HCl and the other 0.100 M HF, are titrated with 0.200 M KOH. c. Which titration curve has the lower initial pH?

Two 25.0-mL samples, one 0.100 M HCl and the other 0.100 M HF, are titrated with 0.200 M KOH.

d. Sketch each titration curve.

Two 20.0-mL samples, one 0.200 M KOH and the other 0.200 M CH₃NH₂, are titrated with 0.100 M HI. a. What is the volume of added acid at the equivalence point for each titration?

Two 20.0-mL samples, one 0.200 M KOH and the other 0.200 M CH₃NH₂, are titrated with 0.100 M HI. b. Is the pH at the equivalence point for each titration acidic, basic, or neutral?

Two 20.0-mL samples, one 0.200 M KOH and the other 0.200 M CH₃NH₂, are titrated with 0.100 M HI. c. Which titration curve has the lower initial pH?

Two 20.0-mL samples, one 0.200 M KOH and the other 0.200 M CH₃NH₂, are titrated with 0.100 M HI. d. Sketch each titration curve.

The graphs labeled (a) and (b) show the titration curves for two equal-volume samples of bases, one weak and one strong. Both titrations were carried out with the same concentration of strong acid.

(ii) Which graph corresponds to the titration of the strong base and which one to the weak base?

Consider the curve shown here for the titration of a weak monoprotic acid with a strong base and answer each question.

c. At what volume of added base does pH = pK_a?

Consider the curve shown here for the titration of a weak monoprotic acid with a strong base and answer each question.

d. At what volume of added base is the pH calculated by working an equilibrium problem based on the concentration and K_b of the conjugate base?

Consider the curve shown here for the titration of a weak base with a strong acid and answer each question.

a. What is the pH and what is the volume of added acid at the equivalence point?

Consider the curve shown here for the titration of a weak base with a strong acid and answer each question.

c. At what volume of added acid does pH = 14 - pK_b?

Consider the curve shown here for the titration of a weak base with a strong acid and answer each question.

d. At what volume of added acid is the pH calculated by working an equilibrium problem based on the concentration and K_a of the conjugate acid?

Consider the titration of a 35.0-mL sample of 0.175 M HBr with 0.200 M KOH. Determine each quantity. a. the initial pH

Consider the titration of a 35.0-mL sample of 0.175 M HBr with 0.200 M KOH. Determine each quantity. b. the volume of added base required to reach the equivalence point

Consider the titration of a 35.0-mL sample of 0.175 M HBr with 0.200 M KOH. Determine each quantity. c. the pH at 10.0 mL of added base

Consider the titration of a 35.0-mL sample of 0.175 M HBr with 0.200 M KOH. Determine each quantity. d. the pH at the equivalence point

Consider the titration of a 35.0-mL sample of 0.175 M HBr with 0.200 M KOH. Determine each quantity. e. the pH after adding 5.0 mL of base beyond the equivalence point