Textbook Question
List all the possible products for each alkane substitution reaction. (Assume monosubstitution.) b. CH3CH2CH3 + Cl2 → d.
Ch.21 - Organic Chemistry
Chapter 21, Problem 48c
List all the possible products for each alkane substitution reaction. (Assume monosubstitution.)
c. CH3CH2CH2CH3 + Cl2 →
Verified step by step guidance1
Identify the type of reaction: This is a halogenation reaction, specifically a free radical substitution reaction where chlorine (Cl2) will replace a hydrogen atom in the alkane.
Determine the structure of the alkane: The given alkane is butane (CH3CH2CH2CH3), which is a straight-chain alkane with four carbon atoms.
Identify the possible sites for substitution: In butane, there are two types of hydrogen atoms - primary (attached to the end carbon atoms) and secondary (attached to the middle carbon atoms).
Consider the possible monosubstitution products: Chlorine can replace a hydrogen atom at either a primary or secondary position, leading to different products.
List the possible products: Substitution at a primary carbon will yield 1-chlorobutane, while substitution at a secondary carbon will yield 2-chlorobutane.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Alkane Structure
Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons consisting only of carbon and hydrogen atoms, connected by single bonds. Their general formula is CnH2n+2, where 'n' is the number of carbon atoms. Understanding the structure of alkanes is crucial for predicting the products of substitution reactions, as it determines the sites where reactions can occur.
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Substitution Reactions
Substitution reactions involve the replacement of one atom or group in a molecule with another atom or group. In the case of alkanes, this typically occurs when an alkane reacts with a halogen (like Cl2) under UV light, leading to the formation of haloalkanes. Recognizing the mechanism of these reactions helps in identifying the possible products formed during the process.
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Monosubstitution
Monosubstitution refers to the substitution of a single hydrogen atom in an alkane with a halogen atom. This results in the formation of a haloalkane and a hydrogen halide. In the given reaction, CH3CH2CH2CH3 + Cl2, monosubstitution will yield multiple products depending on which hydrogen is replaced, highlighting the importance of understanding the different positions available for substitution.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
List all the possible products for each alkane substitution reac- tion. (Assume monosubstitution.)
c. CH2Cl2 + Br2 →
Textbook Question
List all the possible products for each alkane substitution reaction. (Assume monosubstitution.) a.CH4 +Cl2 → b. CH3CH2Br + Br2 → d. CH3CHBr2 + Br2 →
Textbook Question
Write structural formulas for each of the possible isomers of n-pentyne that are formed by moving the position of the triple bond.
Textbook Question
Name each alkene. c.