How would you sketch the mass spectrum of gallium given its two naturally occurring isotopes with the following masses and natural abundances: Isotope Mass (amu) Abundance (%) Ga-69 68.92558 60.108 Ga-71 70.92470 39.892?

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Determine the relative abundance of each isotope by converting the percentage to a decimal. For Ga-69, it is 0.60108 and for Ga-71, it is 0.39892.

Consider the x-axis of the mass spectrum, which represents the mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). Since the charge is typically +1 for singly charged ions, the m/z values will be approximately equal to the isotopic masses: 68.92558 for Ga-69 and 70.92470 for Ga-71.

The y-axis of the mass spectrum represents the relative intensity, which is proportional to the abundance of each isotope.

Plot the first peak at m/z = 68.92558 with a relative intensity corresponding to the abundance of Ga-69 (60.108%).

Plot the second peak at m/z = 70.92470 with a relative intensity corresponding to the abundance of Ga-71 (39.892%).

Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Isotopes

Isotopes are variants of a chemical element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons, resulting in different atomic masses. For gallium, the two isotopes, Ga-69 and Ga-71, have distinct masses and natural abundances, which are crucial for understanding how they contribute to the overall mass spectrum.

Mass Spectrum

A mass spectrum is a graphical representation of the mass-to-charge ratio of ions. It displays the relative abundance of each isotope, allowing for the identification of isotopes present in a sample. The x-axis typically represents the mass-to-charge ratio (m/z), while the y-axis shows the intensity or abundance of each ion detected.

Relative Abundance

Relative abundance refers to the percentage of each isotope present in a naturally occurring sample of an element. In the case of gallium, the relative abundances of Ga-69 and Ga-71 are 60.108% and 39.892%, respectively. This information is essential for calculating the weighted average mass of gallium and accurately sketching its mass spectrum.

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