What is the molecular geometry of BrF5, and how can it be sketched using the bond conventions shown in 'Representing Molecular Geometries on Paper' in Section 10.4?

Molecular geometry refers to the three-dimensional arrangement of atoms within a molecule. It is determined by the number of bonding pairs and lone pairs of electrons around the central atom, which influence the shape due to repulsion between electron pairs. Understanding molecular geometry is crucial for predicting the physical and chemical properties of a substance.

Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) theory is a model used to predict the geometry of molecules based on the repulsion between electron pairs in the valence shell of the central atom. According to VSEPR, electron pairs will arrange themselves to minimize repulsion, leading to specific molecular shapes. For BrF5, the presence of five bonding pairs and one lone pair results in a square pyramidal geometry.

Bond conventions in molecular sketching involve using specific symbols and notations to represent atoms, bonds, and lone pairs in a molecule. Common conventions include solid lines for bonds in the plane, dashed lines for bonds going behind the plane, and wedged lines for bonds coming out of the plane. These conventions help accurately depict the three-dimensional structure of molecules like BrF5 when sketching.