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Problem 1.52
Convert each temperature. a. 212 °F to °C (temperature of boiling water at sea level) b. 22 °C to K (approximate room temperature) c. 0.00 K to °F (coldest temperature possible, also known as absolute zero) d. 2.735 K to °C (average temperature of the universe as measured from background black body radiation)
Problem 1.55c
Use the prefix multipliers to express each measurement without exponents. c. 1.5 * 109 g
Problem 1.61
Express the quantity 254,998 m in each unit. a. km b. Mm c. mm d. cm
- Complete the table. Substance pure or mixture type water pure compound coffee _______ _______ ice _______ _______ carbon _______ _______
Problem 4
- Indicate the number of significant figures in each number. If the number is an exact number, indicate an unlimited number of significant figures. a. 318,857,056 (2014 U.S. population) b. 2.54 cm = 1 in. c. 11.4 g/cm³ (density of lead) d. 12 = 1 dozen.
Problem 8
- Calculate the density of a liquid in g/mL to the correct number of significant digits, if a flask containing 9.55 mL of the liquid weighs 157.2 g with the liquid and 148.4 g when empty.
Problem 9
Problem 33
Classify each statement as an observation, a law, or a theory.
a. All matter is made of tiny, indestructible particles called atoms.
b. When iron rusts in a closed container, the mass of the container and its contents does not change.
c. In chemical reactions, matter is neither created nor destroyed.
d. When a match burns, heat is released
Problem 34
Classify each statement as an observation, a law, or a theory. a. Chlorine is a highly reactive gas. b. If elements are listed in order of increasing mass of their atoms, their chemical reactivities follow a repeating pattern. c. Neon is an inert (or nonreactive) gas. d. The reactivity of elements depends on the arrangement of their electrons.
- A chemist decomposes several samples of carbon monoxide into carbon and oxygen and weighs the resultant elements. The results are shown in the table. Do you notice a pattern in these results? Next, the chemist decomposes several samples of hydrogen peroxide into hydrogen and oxygen. The results are shown in the table. Do you notice a similarity between these results and those for carbon monoxide? Can you formulate a law from your observations? Can you formulate a hypothesis that might explain your law?
Problem 35
- Can you devise a hypothesis to explain why most distant galaxies are moving away from each other, and why the more distant galaxies are moving away more rapidly?
Problem 36
Problem 37
Classify each substance as a pure substance or a mixture. If it is a pure substance, classify it as an element or a compound. If it is a mixture, classify it as homogeneous or heterogeneous. a. sweat b. carbon dioxide c. aluminum d. vegetable soup
Problem 38
Classify each substance as a pure substance or a mixture. If it is a pure substance, classify it as an element or a compound. If it is a mixture, classify it as homogeneous or heterogeneous. a. wine b. beef stew c. iron d. carbon monoxide
- Complete the table. SUBSTANCE, PURE OR MIXTURE, TYPE aluminum, pure, element apple juice, ___, ___ hydrogen peroxide, ___, ___ chicken soup, ___, ___
Problem 39
Problem 41
Determine whether each molecular diagram represents a pure substance or a mixture. If it represents a pure substance, classify the substance as an element or a compound. If it represents a mixture, classify the mixture as homogeneous or heterogeneous.
Problem 42
Determine whether each molecular diagram represents a pure substance or a mixture. If it represents a pure substance, classify the substance as an element or a compound. If it represents a mixture, classify the mixture as homogeneous or heterogeneous.
Problem 43e
Classify each of the listed properties of isopropyl alcohol (also known as rubbing alcohol) as physical or chemical. a. colorless b. flammable c. liquid at room temperature d. density = 0.79 g/mL e. mixes with water