Textbook Question
Which of the following molecules has a central atom with sp3 hybridization? (LO 8.4) (a) PCl5 (b) OF2 (c) CO2 (d) SF4
Ch.8 - Covalent Compounds: Bonding Theories and Molecular Structure
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McMurry 8th EditionCh.8 - Covalent Compounds: Bonding Theories and Molecular StructureProblem 9
McMurry 8th EditionCh.8 - Covalent Compounds: Bonding Theories and Molecular StructureProblem 9Chapter 8, Problem 9
Use the chemical structure for Tagamet, a drug used to treat peptic ulcers and heartburn, to answer questions 8 and 9. 
Which orbitals overlap to form bond 2? (LO 8.5) (a) C (sp) with C (sp) (b) C (sp) with C 1sp22 (c) C 1sp22 with C 1sp22 (d) C 1sp32 with C 1sp22
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Identify the atoms involved in bond 2. In this case, bond 2 is between a carbon (C) and an oxygen (O) atom.
Determine the hybridization of the carbon atom involved in bond 2. Since the carbon is double-bonded to oxygen and single-bonded to another carbon, it is sp2 hybridized.
Determine the hybridization of the oxygen atom involved in bond 2. The oxygen is double-bonded to carbon and has two lone pairs, making it sp2 hybridized.
Recognize that the bond between the sp2 hybridized carbon and the sp2 hybridized oxygen involves the overlap of sp2 orbitals.
Conclude that the correct answer is the option that describes the overlap of sp2 orbitals from both the carbon and oxygen atoms.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Hybridization
Hybridization is the concept of mixing atomic orbitals to form new hybrid orbitals that can accommodate the bonding requirements of atoms in a molecule. For example, carbon can undergo sp, sp², or sp³ hybridization depending on its bonding environment, which influences the geometry and bond angles in the molecule.
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Hybridization
Orbital Overlap
Orbital overlap refers to the interaction of atomic orbitals from two atoms to form a chemical bond. The greater the overlap, the stronger the bond. In covalent bonding, the overlapping orbitals can be of different types (s, p, d) and their specific combinations determine the bond's characteristics, such as strength and length.
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03:06Molecular Orbital Theory
Bond Types and Characteristics
Different types of bonds (single, double, triple) arise from the number of overlapping orbitals. A single bond involves the overlap of one pair of orbitals, while a double bond involves two pairs. Understanding the types of bonds formed between atoms is crucial for predicting molecular structure and reactivity, as seen in the context of the drug Tagamet.
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02:15Bonding Types
Related Practice
Textbook Question
The connections between atoms in the amino acid histidine areshown. Complete the electron-dot structure by adding multiplebonds and lone pairs of electrons. Give the hybridization on thenumbered carbon and nitrogen atoms. (LO 8.4)(a) N1 = sp2, N2 = sp, C1 = sp2, C2 = sp3 (b) N1 = sp2, N2 = sp2, C1 = sp3, C2 = sp2 (c) N1 = sp3, N2 = sp, C1 = sp2, C2 = sp3 (d) N1 = sp3, N2 = sp2, C1 = sp2, C2 = sp3
Textbook Question
Use the chemical structure for Tagamet, a drug used to treatpeptic ulcers and heartburn, to answer questions 8 and 9.Which orbitals overlap to form bond 1? (LO 8.5)(a) s bond: N 1sp22 with C 1sp22; p bond: N (p) with C (p)(b) N 1sp22 with C 1sp22(c) s bond: N 1sp22 with C 1sp22; p bond: N 1sp22 withC 1sp22(d) s bond: N (sp) with C 1sp22; p bond: N (p) with C (p)
Textbook Question
The C2 molecule has a MO diagram similar to N2 (Figure 8.22a). What is the bond order of C2 and is it paramagnetic or diamagnetic? (LO 8.12) (a) Bond order = 2, diamagnetic (b) Bond order = 2, paramagnetic (c) Bond order = 0, paramagnetic (d) Bond order = 3>2, diamagnetic
Textbook Question
What is the geometry around the central atom in each of thefollowing molecular models?(a)
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Textbook Question
Three of the following molecular models have a tetrahedral central atom, and one does not. Which is the odd one? (There may be a 'hidden' atom directly behind a visible atom in some cases.) (a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
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