How many milliliters of 1.00 M KOH must be added to neutralize the following solutions? (a) A mixture of 0.240 M LiOH (25.0 mL) and 0.200 M HBr (75.0 mL)

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Calculate the moles of LiOH: Use the formula \( \text{moles} = \text{concentration} \times \text{volume} \). Convert the volume from mL to L and calculate the moles of LiOH.

Calculate the moles of HBr: Similarly, use the formula \( \text{moles} = \text{concentration} \times \text{volume} \). Convert the volume from mL to L and calculate the moles of HBr.

Determine the net moles of acid or base: Subtract the moles of LiOH from the moles of HBr to find the net moles of HBr that need to be neutralized.

Calculate the moles of KOH needed: Since KOH is a strong base, it will react with HBr in a 1:1 ratio. Therefore, the moles of KOH needed will be equal to the net moles of HBr.

Calculate the volume of KOH solution required: Use the formula \( \text{volume} = \frac{\text{moles}}{\text{concentration}} \) to find the volume of 1.00 M KOH needed to neutralize the net moles of HBr.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Neutralization Reaction

A neutralization reaction occurs when an acid reacts with a base to produce water and a salt. In this case, HBr, a strong acid, will react with KOH, a strong base, to form water and potassium bromide. Understanding the stoichiometry of this reaction is essential for calculating the amounts of reactants needed for complete neutralization.

Molarity (M)

Molarity is a measure of concentration defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. It is expressed in moles per liter (M). In this question, the molarity of KOH and the other solutions is crucial for determining how much KOH is required to neutralize the given amounts of LiOH and HBr.

Stoichiometry

Stoichiometry involves the calculation of reactants and products in chemical reactions based on balanced chemical equations. It allows us to determine the exact amounts of substances needed for reactions. In this scenario, stoichiometric ratios will help calculate the volume of 1.00 M KOH required to neutralize the combined moles of LiOH and HBr present in the solution.

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