Ch.3 - Mass Relationships in Chemical Reactions

McMurry8th EditionChemistryISBN: 9781292336145Not the one you use?Change textbook

McMurry 8th Edition

Ch.3 - Mass Relationships in Chemical Reactions

Problem 28

Chapter 3, Problem 28

Each of the pictures (a)–(d) represents one of the following substances at 25 °C: sodium, chlorine, iodine, sodium chloride. Which picture corresponds to which substance?(a)

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Identify the molecular structure shown in the image. The image depicts diatomic molecules, each consisting of two atoms bonded together.

Note the color of the molecules. The green color is often used to represent chlorine in molecular models.

Recall that chlorine exists as a diatomic molecule (Cl2) at room temperature (25 °C).

Compare the given substances: sodium (a metal), chlorine (a diatomic gas), iodine (a diatomic solid at room temperature), and sodium chloride (an ionic compound).

Conclude that the image represents chlorine gas (Cl2) at 25 °C, as it matches the description of green diatomic molecules.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Diatomic Molecules

Diatomic molecules consist of two atoms, which can be of the same or different elements. In the context of the question, chlorine (Cl2) is a diatomic molecule formed by two chlorine atoms bonded together. Understanding the structure of diatomic molecules is crucial for identifying substances represented in molecular models.

States of Matter

At 25 °C, substances can exist in different states: solid, liquid, or gas. Chlorine is a gas at this temperature, which influences its molecular representation. Recognizing the state of matter helps in understanding the arrangement and behavior of molecules in different substances, such as the gaseous nature of chlorine depicted in the image.

Molecular Representation

Molecular representation uses models to depict the arrangement and bonding of atoms within a molecule. The image shows green diatomic molecules, indicating the presence of chlorine gas. Familiarity with molecular models aids in visualizing and identifying chemical substances based on their structural characteristics.

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Textbook Question

Combustion analysis is performed on 0.50 g of a hydrocar-bon and 1.55 g of CO₂, and 0.697 g of H₂O are produced. The mass spectrum for the hydrocarbon is provided below. What is the molecular formula? (LO 3.12 and 3.13)

(a) C₅H₁₁ (b) C₈H₁₈ (c) C₁₁H₁₀ (d) C₁₀H₂₂

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Textbook Question

Which of the following compounds is incorrectly named? (LO 2.23–2.25) (a) CaO; calcium oxide (b) FeBr2; iron dibromide (c) N2O5; dinitrogen pentoxide (d) CrO3; chromium(VI) oxide

Textbook Question

Which of the following drawings is more likely to represent an ionic compound and which a covalent compound? (a)

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Textbook Question

The diagrams represent a reaction on the molecular level. Atoms of A are represented with red spheres, and atoms of B are represented with blue spheres. Write a balanced chemical equation.

Textbook Question

Fluoxetine, marketed as an antidepressant under the name Prozac, can be represented by the following ball-and-stick molecular model. Write the molecular formula for fluoxetine, and calculate its molecular weight. (Red = O, gray = C, blue = N, yellow green = F, ivory = H.)

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Textbook Question

The following diagram represents the reaction of A₂ (red spheres) with B₂ (blue spheres):

(a) Write a balanced equation for the reaction, and identify the limiting reactant. (b) How many moles of product can be made from 1.0 mol of A₂ and 1.0 mol of B₂?