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Problem 48a
Express the following measurements in scientific notation. (a) 453.32 mg
Problem 48b
Express the following measurements in scientific notation. (b) 0.000 042 1 mL
- Convert the following measurements from scientific notation to standard notation. (a) 3.221 * 10-3 mm (b) 8.940 * 105 m (c) 1.350 82 * 10-12 m3 (d) 6.4100 * 102 km
Problem 49
- An experimental procedure call for 250 mg of calcium car-bonate. The balance in the laboratory measures mass in grams and reads to four decimal places. Which reading on the bal-ance corresponds to 250 mg? (a) 0.0250 (b) 0.2500 (c) 0.0025
Problem 50
- A virus has a diameter of 5.2 * 10-8 m. What is the most appropriate prefix for reporting the diameter of the virus?
Problem 51
- The estimated concentration of gold in the oceans is 1.0 * 10^-11 g/mL. (b) Assuming that the volume of the oceans is 1.3 * 10^21 L, estimate the amount of dissolved gold in grams in the oceans.
Problem 53
- The normal body temperature of a goat is 39.9 °C, and that of an Australian spiny anteater is 22.2 °C. Express these tem-peratures in degrees Fahrenheit.
Problem 54
- Of the 90 or so naturally occurring elements, only four are liquid near room temperature: mercury (melting point = -38.87 °C), bromine (melting point = -7.2 °C), cesium (melting point = 28.40 °C), and gallium (melting point = 29.78 °C). Convert these melting points to degrees Fahrenheit.
Problem 55
- Suppose that your oven is calibrated in degrees Fahrenheit but a recipe calls for you to bake at 175 °C. What oven set-ting should you use?
Problem 56
- Tungsten, the element used to make filaments in light bulbs, has a melting point of 6192 °F. Convert this temperature to degrees Celsius and to kelvin.
Problem 57
Problem 58b
Suppose you were dissatisfied with both Celsius and Fahrenheit units and wanted to design your own temperature scale based on ethyl alcohol (ethanol). On the Celsius scale, ethanol has a melting point of -117.3 °C and a boiling point of 78.5 °C, but on your new scale calibrated in units of degrees ethanol, °E, you define ethanol to melt at 0 °E and boil at 200 °E. (b) How does an ethanol degree compare in size with a Fahrenheit degree?
Problem 58c
Suppose you were dissatisfied with both Celsius and Fahrenheit units and wanted to design your own temperature scale based on ethyl alcohol (ethanol). On the Celsius scale, ethanol has a melting point of -117.3 °C and a boiling point of 78.5 °C, but on your new scale calibrated in units of degrees ethanol, °E, you define ethanol to melt at 0 °E and boil at 200 °E. (c) What are the melting and boiling points of water on the ethanol scale?
Problem 58d
Suppose you were dissatisfied with both Celsius and Fahrenheit units and wanted to design your own temperature scale based on ethyl alcohol (ethanol). On the Celsius scale, ethanol has a melting point of -117.3 °C and a boiling point of 78.5 °C, but on your new scale calibrated in units of degrees ethanol, °E, you define ethanol to melt at 0 °E and boil at 200 °E. (d) What is normal human body temperature (98.6 °F) on the ethanol scale?
Problem 58e
Suppose you were dissatisfied with both Celsius and Fahrenheit units and wanted to design your own temperature scale based on ethyl alcohol (ethanol). On the Celsius scale, ethanol has a melting point of -117.3 °C and a boiling point of 78.5 °C, but on your new scale calibrated in units of degrees ethanol, °E, you define ethanol to melt at 0 °E and boil at 200 °E. (e) If the outside thermometer reads 130 °E, how would you dress to go out?
- Sodium chloride has a melting point of 1074 K and a boil-ing point of 1686 K. Convert these temperatures to degrees Celsius and to degrees Fahrenheit.
Problem 60
- A 125 mL sample of water at 293.2 K was heated for 8 min, 25 s so as to give a constant temperature increase of 3.0 °F/min. What is the final temperature of the water in degrees Celsius?
Problem 61
- What is the difference between a derived SI unit and a funda-mental SI unit? Give an example of each
Problem 62
- What is the volume in L of a cube with an edge length of 7.0 dm?
Problem 64
- What is the volume in mL of a cube with an edge length of 2.5 cm?
Problem 65
- What is the density of glass in g/cm3 if a sample weighing 27.43 g has a volume of 12.40 cm3?
Problem 66
- What is the density of lead in g/cm3 if a sample weighing 206.77 g has a volume of 15.50 cm3?
Problem 67
- A vessel contains 4.67 L of bromine whose density is 3.10 g/cm3. What is the mass of the bromine in the vessel (in kilograms)?
Problem 68
- Aspirin has a density of 1.40 g/cm3. What is the volume in cubic centimeters of an aspirin tablet weighing 250 mg? Of a tablet weighing 500 lb?
Problem 69
- Gaseous hydrogen has a density of 0.0899 g/L at 0 °C, and gaseous chlorine has a density of 3.214 g/L at the same tem-perature. How many liters of each would you need if you wanted 1.0078 g of hydrogen and 35.45 g of chlorine?
Problem 70
- The density of silver is 10.5 g/cm3. What is the mass (in kilo-grams) of a cube of silver that measures 0.62 m on each side?
Problem 71
- What is the density of lead in g/cm3 if a rectangular bar mea-suring 0.50 cm in height, 1.55 cm in width, and 25.00 cm in length has a mass of 220.9 g?
Problem 72
- What is the density of lithium metal in g/cm3 if a cylindrical wire with a diameter of 2.40 mm and a length of 15.0 cm has a mass of 0.3624 g?
Problem 73
- You would like to determine if a set of antique silverware is pure silver. The mass of a small fork was measured on a balance and found to be 80.56 g. The volume was found by dropping the fork into a graduated cylinder initially contain-ing 10.0 mL of water. The volume after the fork was added was 15.90 mL. Calculate the density of the fork. If the den-sity of pure silver at the same temperature is 10.5 g/cm3, is the fork pure silver?
Problem 74
- Label the following properties as intensive or extensive: den-sity, volume, mass, electrical conductivity.
Problem 75
- The density of chloroform, a widely used organic solvent, is 1.4832 g/mL at 20 °C. How many milliliters would you use if you wanted 112.5 g of chloroform?
Problem 76