Ch.3 - Chemical Reactions and Reaction Stoichiometry

Problem 7a

Chapter 3, Problem 7a

Nitrogen 1N22 and hydrogen 1H22 react to form ammonia 1NH32. Consider the mixture of N2 and H2 shown in the accompanying diagram. The blue spheres represent N, and the white ones represent H. (a) Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction.

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Identify the reactants and products in the chemical reaction: Nitrogen (N_2) and Hydrogen (H_2) react to form Ammonia (NH_3).

Write the unbalanced chemical equation: N_2 + H_2 \rightarrow NH_3.

Balance the nitrogen atoms: Since there are 2 nitrogen atoms in N_2, you need 2 NH_3 molecules to balance the nitrogen atoms. This gives: N_2 + H_2 \rightarrow 2NH_3.

Balance the hydrogen atoms: There are 6 hydrogen atoms in 2 NH_3 molecules (2 \times 3 = 6), so you need 3 H_2 molecules to provide 6 hydrogen atoms. This gives: N_2 + 3H_2 \rightarrow 2NH_3.

Verify that the equation is balanced: Check that there are equal numbers of each type of atom on both sides of the equation.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Balanced Chemical Equation

A balanced chemical equation represents a chemical reaction where the number of atoms for each element is the same on both the reactant and product sides. This is achieved by adjusting the coefficients in front of the chemical formulas. Balancing ensures the law of conservation of mass is upheld, meaning matter is neither created nor destroyed during the reaction.

Stoichiometry

Stoichiometry is the branch of chemistry that deals with the quantitative relationships between the reactants and products in a chemical reaction. It allows chemists to predict the amounts of substances consumed and produced in a reaction based on the balanced equation. Understanding stoichiometry is essential for calculating yields and determining limiting reactants.

Molecular Representation

Molecular representation involves depicting molecules using symbols and models to illustrate their structure and composition. In the context of the question, blue spheres represent nitrogen atoms and white spheres represent hydrogen atoms. This visual representation aids in understanding the molecular interactions and the formation of products during a chemical reaction.

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Glycine, an amino acid used by organisms to make proteins, is represented by the following molecular model. (d) Calculate the percent nitrogen by mass in glycine.

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Textbook Question

The following diagram represents a high-temperature reaction between CH4 and H2O. Based on this reaction, find how many moles of each product can be obtained starting with 4.0 mol CH4.

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Textbook Question

The following diagram represents a high-temperature reaction between CH4 and H2O. Based on this reaction, find how many moles of each product can be obtained starting with 4.0 mol CH4. Based on this reaction, how many moles of H2 can be obtained starting with 4.0 mol CH4?

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Textbook Question

Nitrogen 1N22 and hydrogen 1H22 react to form ammonia 1NH32. Consider the mixture of N2 and H2 shown in the accompanying diagram. The blue spheres represent N, and the white ones represent H. (d) If so, how many of which type are left over?

How many N2 molecules are left over?

Nitrogen monoxide and oxygen react to form nitrogen dioxide. Consider the mixture of NO and O2 shown in the accompanying diagram. The blue spheres represent N, and the red ones represent O. (a) How many molecules of NO2 can be formed, assuming the reaction goes to completion?

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