Ch.2 - Atoms, Molecules, and Ions

Problem 22c

Chapter 2, Problem 22c

Determine whether each of the following statements is true or false. If false, correct the statement to make it true: (c) The number of electrons in an atom equals the number of neutrons in the atom.

Verified step by step guidance

Understand the structure of an atom: An atom consists of protons, neutrons, and electrons.

Recall that the number of protons in an atom is equal to the atomic number, and in a neutral atom, the number of electrons equals the number of protons.

Recognize that the number of neutrons can vary even among atoms of the same element, leading to different isotopes.

Identify that the statement 'The number of electrons in an atom equals the number of neutrons in the atom' is generally false.

Correct the statement: In a neutral atom, the number of electrons equals the number of protons, not necessarily the number of neutrons.

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Key Concepts

Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.

Atomic Structure

Atoms are composed of three primary subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons and neutrons reside in the nucleus, while electrons orbit around the nucleus. The number of protons defines the element, while the number of electrons typically equals the number of protons in a neutral atom, ensuring electrical neutrality.

Electrons vs. Neutrons

Electrons and neutrons serve different roles in an atom. Electrons are negatively charged and are involved in chemical bonding and reactions, while neutrons are neutral particles that contribute to the atomic mass and stability of the nucleus. The number of neutrons can vary in isotopes of an element, unlike electrons, which are usually equal to protons in neutral atoms.

True/False Statements in Science

In scientific reasoning, statements can often be evaluated as true or false based on established facts. When a statement is false, it is important to identify the error and provide a corrected version. In this case, the statement incorrectly equates the number of electrons with neutrons, which can be corrected by stating that the number of electrons equals the number of protons in a neutral atom.

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Textbook Question

Determine whether each of the following statements is true or false. If false, correct the statement to make it true: (a) The nucleus has most of the mass and comprises most of the volume of an atom.

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Textbook Question

Determine whether each of the following statements is true or false. If false, correct the statement to make it true: (b) Every atom of a given element has the same number of protons.

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Textbook Question

Determine whether each of the following statements is true or false. If false, correct the statement to make it true: (d) The protons in the nucleus of the helium atom are held together by a force called the strong nuclear force.

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Textbook Question

Consider an atom of ¹⁰B. (a) How many protons, neutrons, and electrons does this atom contain?

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Textbook Question

Consider an atom of ¹⁰B. (b) What is the symbol of the atom obtained by adding one proton to ¹⁰B?

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