You make a solution of a nonvolatile solute with a liquid solvent. Indicate if each of the following statements is true or false. (d) The boiling point of the solution increases in proportion to the concentration of the solute. (e) At any temperature, the vapor pressure of the solvent over the solution is lower than what it would be for the pure solvent.

Colligative properties are properties of solutions that depend on the number of solute particles in a given amount of solvent, rather than the identity of the solute. These properties include boiling point elevation, freezing point depression, vapor pressure lowering, and osmotic pressure. Understanding colligative properties is essential for predicting how the addition of a solute affects the physical properties of a solvent.

Boiling point elevation is a specific colligative property that describes how the boiling point of a solvent increases when a nonvolatile solute is added. The increase in boiling point is directly proportional to the molal concentration of the solute, as described by the formula ΔT_b = i * K_b * m, where ΔT_b is the boiling point elevation, K_b is the ebullioscopic constant, and m is the molality of the solution.

A nonvolatile solute is a substance that does not readily evaporate and has a negligible vapor pressure compared to that of the solvent. When a nonvolatile solute is dissolved in a solvent, it disrupts the solvent's ability to vaporize, leading to changes in the solution's boiling point and other colligative properties. This characteristic is crucial for understanding how solutes affect solvent behavior in solutions.