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Intermolecular Forces definitions

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  • Intramolecular Forces
    Strong bonds within a molecule, influencing chemical properties, such as ionic and covalent bonds.
  • Intermolecular Forces
    Weaker forces between molecules, affecting physical properties and holding liquids and solids together.
  • Electronegativity
    A measure of an atom's ability to attract and hold electrons, influencing molecular polarity.
  • Ion-Dipole Forces
    Strongest intermolecular force between ions and polar molecules, common in ionic compounds dissolved in water.
  • Hydrogen Bonding
    Attractive force when hydrogen is bonded to fluorine, oxygen, or nitrogen, second strongest intermolecular force.
  • Dipole-Dipole Interactions
    Attractive forces between two polar molecules, third in strength among intermolecular forces.
  • London Dispersion Forces
    Weakest intermolecular force present in all compounds, caused by temporary dipoles in close proximity.
  • Polarity
    Distribution of electrical charge over atoms in a molecule, affecting intermolecular force type.
  • Aqueous
    Describes ions or molecules dissolved in water, often involved in ion-dipole interactions.
  • Solvation
    Process of surrounding solute particles with solvent molecules, stabilizing them in solution.
  • Van der Waals Forces
    Another term for London dispersion forces, weak attractions between nonpolar molecules.
  • Partial Charge
    Slight electrical charge on atoms due to differences in electronegativity, leading to molecular attraction.
  • Covalent Bonds
    Strong intramolecular bonds formed by sharing electrons between atoms within a molecule.
  • Ionic Bonds
    Strong intramolecular bonds formed by the transfer of electrons, creating charged ions.
  • Molecular Polarity
    Characteristic of molecules with uneven distribution of charges, influencing intermolecular interactions.