A certain colloid of nanoparticles in water appears as a colored solution to the naked eye. Which experiment below can be used to determine whether a given mixture is a solution or a colloid?

Sodium hypochlorite, NaOCl, is the component of household bleach. The density of a 14.0% by mass sodium hypochlorite solution is 1.21 g/cm³ at 20 ºC. Calculate the molarity of the solution.

Calculate the total ion concentration in a 0.46 M solution of AlCl₃.

Determine the amount of water needed to add to 20.3 mL of a 2.78 M iron (III) chloride, FeCl₃, stock solution to make a 2.50 M solution.

Identify all the soluble compounds:

a) magnesium chlorate                                            d) lead (II) nitrate

b) copper (II) hydroxide                                           e) barium carbonate

c) copper (II) sulfate                                                 f) silver bromide

Suppose that the electrical conductivity of a solution is directly proportional to the total ions dissolved and using titration procedures the conductivity of three different solutions were measured:

(i) A 0.150 M NaOH is added dropwise in a 1.00 L of 0.150 M HCN solution.

(ii)A 0.150 M CaCl₂ is added dropwise in a 1.00 L of 0.150 M Na₃PO₄ solution.

(iii)A 0.150 M NaBr is added dropwise in a 1.00 L of 0.150 M Pb(NO₃)₂ solution.

Match the following graphs to the correct titration.

An unknown solution was suspected to contain Sr²⁺, Cu⁺, and Ni²⁺ ions. The presence of the ions was qualitatively tested by the precipitation reactions listed below. When lithium bromide was added to the solution, a precipitate formed. When lithium sulfate was added to the solution after the precipitate had been removed, no precipitate formed. When lithium phosphate was added to the remaining solution, a precipitate formed. What are the net ionic equations of the reactions that resulted in precipitate formation?

Give the balanced chemical reaction when carbon monoxide undergoes photoionization.

Succinic acid only contains C, H, and O elements. It has two acidic hydrogens that react with NaOH. 2.24 g CO₂ and 0.685 g H₂O are obtained after the complete combustion of 1.50 g of succinic acid. The complete reaction of 1.50 g of succinic acid with 0.892 M NaOH needed 28.5 mL of the base. Determine the empirical and molecular formulas of succinic acid.

Select the correct statement:

Give the oxidation number of the metal species in each complex:

a) [Ru(CN)₃(CO)₂]^3-                                                 b) [Co(NH₃)₄Cl₂]Cl

Consider the following spontaneous cell reactions: 

X + Z²⁺ → X²⁺ + Z

Y + Z²⁺ → Y²⁺ + Z

X + Y²⁺ → X²⁺ + Y

Sort the following reduction half-reactions in decreasing order of likelihood of occurrence:

(1) X²⁺ + 2 e^– → X

(2) Y²⁺ + 2 e^– → Y

(3) Z²⁺ + 2 e^– → Z

Balance the following redox reaction in an acidic condition

MnO₄^-  + I^- → Mn²⁺ + I₂ 

Consider the redox reaction below:

BrO₃^-(aq) + N₂H₄(g) → Br^-(aq) + N₂(g)

Balance the reaction under basic conditions

Nitrogen dioxide gas (NO₂) is widely used as an oxidizer in hybrid rocket fuels. In the process, NO₂ is reduced. The structure of NO₂ is shown below. Explain why NO₂ is easily reduced.

A commonly used refrigerant in central home air conditioners is Freon-12 (CF₂Cl₂). The system is initially charged to a pressure of 3.6 atm. Express this pressure in torr.

In 2021, the concentration of CO₂ in the Earth's atmosphere was measured at 412 ppm. Calculate the number of CO₂ molecules in 1.5 L of air at 5000 m above sea level, with an atmospheric pressure of 0.53 atm and temperature of 15 ºC.

A cylinder with a moveable piston contains 0.668 mol of gas and the gas occupies a volume of 325 mL. If an additional 0.412 mol of gas is introduced to the cylinder, what will be its volume? (Assume constant temperature and pressure.)

The ideal gas equation is PV = nRT. In the equation, P and V are

Suppose a gas sample is contained in a cylinder with a movable piston. The amount of gas in the container is doubled at constant temperature and volume. Identify the change in the pressure of the gas.