Textbook Question
Which of the following solutions will not form a precipitate when added to 10 mL of 0.10 M KOH? (LO 4.10, 4.11)(a) 10 mL of 0.10 NH4Cl (b) 10 mL of 0.10 M PbSO4 (c) 10 mL of 0.10 M Fe(NO3)3 (d) 10 mL of 0.10 M AgCH3CO2
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Ch.4 - Reactions in Aqueous Solution
Chapter 4, Problem 10
What volume of 0.250 M HCl is needed to react completely with 25.00 mL of 0.375 M Na2CO3? (LO 4.15) (a) 75.0 mL(b) 18.8 mL(c) 37.5 mL(d) 33.3 mL
Verified step by step guidance1
Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction: \[ \text{Na}_2\text{CO}_3 + 2\text{HCl} \rightarrow 2\text{NaCl} + \text{H}_2\text{O} + \text{CO}_2 \]
Calculate the moles of \( \text{Na}_2\text{CO}_3 \) using its concentration and volume: \[ \text{moles of } \text{Na}_2\text{CO}_3 = 0.375 \text{ M} \times 0.02500 \text{ L} \]
Use the stoichiometry from the balanced equation to find the moles of \( \text{HCl} \) needed: \[ \text{moles of } \text{HCl} = 2 \times \text{moles of } \text{Na}_2\text{CO}_3 \]
Calculate the volume of \( \text{HCl} \) solution required using its concentration: \[ \text{Volume of } \text{HCl} = \frac{\text{moles of } \text{HCl}}{0.250 \text{ M}} \]
Convert the volume from liters to milliliters if necessary.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Stoichiometry
Stoichiometry is the branch of chemistry that deals with the quantitative relationships between reactants and products in a chemical reaction. It allows us to calculate the amounts of substances consumed and produced in a reaction based on balanced chemical equations. Understanding stoichiometry is essential for determining how much of one reactant is needed to completely react with another.
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Stoichiometry Concept
Molarity
Molarity (M) is a measure of concentration defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. It is crucial for calculating how much of a solution is required to achieve a desired reaction. In this question, the molarity of HCl and Na2CO3 solutions is used to find the volume of HCl needed to react with a specific volume of Na2CO3.
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Neutralization Reaction
A neutralization reaction occurs when an acid reacts with a base to produce water and a salt. In this case, HCl (an acid) reacts with Na2CO3 (a base) to form NaCl, water, and carbon dioxide. Understanding the products of this reaction is important for determining the stoichiometric ratios needed to calculate the required volumes of the reactants.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Write a net ionic equation for the reaction that occurs when 10 mL of 0.5 M ammonium carbonate is mixed with 10 mL of 0.5 M silver nitrate. (LO 4.9, 4.11) (a) (b) (c) (d) A net ionic reaction cannot be written because a reaction does not take place.
Textbook Question
When 75.0 mL of a 0.100 M lead(II) nitrate solution is mixed with 100.0 mL of a 0.190 M potassium iodide solu-tion, a yellow-orange precipitate of lead(II) iodide is formed. What is the mass in grams of lead(II) iodide formed? Assume the reaction goes to completion. (LO 4.11, 4.15)(a) 1.729 g(b) 3.458 g(c) 4.380 g (d) 8.760 g
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Textbook Question
Succinic acid, an intermediate in the metabolism of food molecules, has a molecular weight of 118.1. When 1.926 g of succinic acid was dissolved in water and titrated, 65.20 mL of 0.5000 M NaOH solution was required to neutralize the acid. How many acidic hydrogens are there in a mol-ecule of succinic acid? (LO 4.16)(a) 1(b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
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Textbook Question
Identify the element that gets oxidized and the oxidizing agent in the reaction. (LO 4.19) (a) (b) (c) (d)