Textbook Question
Give one example from main-group chemistry that illustrates each of the following descriptions.
d. Polar molecule that violates the octet rule
Ch.22 - The Main Group Elements
Chapter 22, Problem 22.20b
Look at the location of elements A, B, C, and D in the following periodic table:
Which hydride has the lowest boiling point?
Verified step by step guidance1
Identify the elements A, B, C, and D on the periodic table.
Determine the group and period of each element to understand their properties.
Recall that hydrides are compounds formed between hydrogen and another element.
Consider the type of hydride each element forms: ionic, covalent, or metallic.
Understand that boiling points of hydrides are influenced by molecular weight, intermolecular forces, and hydrogen bonding.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Periodic Trends
Periodic trends refer to the predictable patterns in the properties of elements as you move across or down the periodic table. Key trends include atomic size, ionization energy, electronegativity, and boiling points. Understanding these trends helps in predicting the behavior of elements and their compounds, including hydrides.
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00:38
Periodic Trends
Hydride Properties
Hydrides are compounds formed between hydrogen and other elements. The boiling points of hydrides can vary significantly based on the electronegativity and size of the other element involved. Generally, hydrides of lighter elements tend to have lower boiling points, while those of heavier elements exhibit higher boiling points due to increased van der Waals forces.
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02:00Ionic Hydrides
Intermolecular Forces
Intermolecular forces are the forces of attraction or repulsion between molecules. These forces, including hydrogen bonding, dipole-dipole interactions, and London dispersion forces, play a crucial role in determining the physical properties of substances, such as boiling points. Stronger intermolecular forces typically lead to higher boiling points, while weaker forces result in lower boiling points.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
An important physiological reaction of nitric oxide (NO) is its interaction with the superoxide ion (O2–) to form the peroxynitrite ion (ONOO–).
a. Write electron-dot structures for NO, O2–, and ONOO–, and predict the O–N–O bond angle in ONOO–.
Textbook Question
Locate each of the following elements on the periodic table.
(f) Group 5A element that forms the strongest p bonds
Textbook Question
In the following pictures of binary hydrides, ivory spheres
represent H atoms or ions, and burgundy spheres represent
atoms or ions of the other element.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(a) Identify each binary hydride as ionic, covalent, or interstitial.
(b) What is the oxidation state of hydrogen in compounds (1), (2), and (3)? What is the oxidation state of the other
element?
Textbook Question
In the following pictures of binary hydrides, ivory spheres
represent H atoms or ions, and burgundy spheres represent
atoms or ions of the other element.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(b) What is the oxidation state of hydrogen in compounds (1), (2), and (3)? What is the oxidation state of the other
element?
Textbook Question
The following models represent the structures of binary hydrides of second-row elements:
b. Draw an electron-dot structure for each hydride. For which hydride is there a problem in drawing the structure? Explain.