Multiple Choice
How many more electrons does carbon need to satisfy the octet rule in its outer shell?
11. Bonding & Molecular Structure
Octet Rule
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Which of the following molecules violates the octet rule?
A
CH4
B
NH3
C
H2O
D
SF4
E
PCl3
Verified step by step guidance1
Identify the octet rule: The octet rule states that atoms tend to form compounds in ways that give them eight valence electrons, achieving a noble gas electron configuration.
Examine each molecule: For each molecule, determine the number of valence electrons around the central atom after bonding.
Analyze CH4: Carbon (C) has 4 valence electrons and forms 4 single bonds with hydrogen (H), each contributing 1 electron, resulting in 8 electrons around carbon, satisfying the octet rule.
Analyze NH3: Nitrogen (N) has 5 valence electrons and forms 3 single bonds with hydrogen (H), each contributing 1 electron, plus a lone pair, resulting in 8 electrons around nitrogen, satisfying the octet rule.
Analyze SF4: Sulfur (S) has 6 valence electrons and forms 4 single bonds with fluorine (F), each contributing 1 electron, plus a lone pair, resulting in 10 electrons around sulfur, which violates the octet rule as it exceeds 8 electrons.
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