Textbook Question
Calculate the molarity of the following aqueous solutions: (a) 0.540 g of Mg(NO3)2 in 250.0 mL of solution, (b) 22.4 g of LiClO4 • 3 H2O in 125 mL of solution,
Ch.13 - Properties of Solutions
Chapter 13, Problem 44c
What is the molarity of each of the following solutions: (c) 35.0 mL of 9.00 M H2SO4 diluted to 0.500 L?
Verified step by step guidance1
Start by identifying the initial concentration and volume of the solution. Here, the initial concentration (C1) is 9.00 M and the initial volume (V1) is 35.0 mL.
Convert the initial volume from milliliters to liters to ensure consistency in units. Use the conversion: 1 mL = 0.001 L. Therefore, V1 = 35.0 mL * 0.001 L/mL.
Recognize that the problem involves dilution, which can be solved using the dilution equation: C1 * V1 = C2 * V2, where C2 is the final concentration and V2 is the final volume.
Substitute the known values into the dilution equation. You have C1 = 9.00 M, V1 in liters from the previous step, and V2 = 0.500 L. Solve for C2, the final concentration.
Rearrange the equation to solve for C2: C2 = (C1 * V1) / V2. Substitute the values and calculate to find the molarity of the diluted solution.
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Key Concepts
Here are the essential concepts you must grasp in order to answer the question correctly.
Molarity
Molarity (M) is a measure of concentration defined as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution. It is expressed in moles per liter (mol/L) and is crucial for understanding how much solute is present in a given volume of solution. Molarity is commonly used in chemistry to prepare solutions and perform stoichiometric calculations.
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Molarity
Dilution
Dilution is the process of reducing the concentration of a solute in a solution, typically by adding more solvent. The dilution equation, M1V1 = M2V2, relates the initial and final molarities (M1 and M2) and volumes (V1 and V2) of the solution. This concept is essential for calculating the new concentration after a solution has been diluted.
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Volume Conversion
Volume conversion is the process of changing the volume of a solution from one unit to another, such as milliliters (mL) to liters (L). Since molarity is expressed in terms of liters, it is important to convert volumes appropriately when performing calculations. Understanding how to convert between these units is vital for accurate concentration calculations.
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Related Practice
Textbook Question
Calculate the molarity of the following aqueous solutions: (c) 25.0 mL of 3.50 M HNO3 diluted to 0.250 L.
Textbook Question
What is the molarity of each of the following solutions: (b) 5.25 g of Mn(NO3)2⋅2H2O in 175 mL of solution,
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Textbook Question
Suppose that one wishes to use reverse osmosis to reduce the salt content of brackish water containing 0.22 M total salt concentration to a value of 0.01 M, thus render- ing it usable for human consumption. What is the mini- mum pressure that needs to be applied in the permeators (Figure 18.20) to achieve this goal, assuming that the oper- ation occurs at 298 K? (Hint: Refer to Section 13.5.)